ܩܫܬܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܩ ܫ ܬ (q š t)
1 term

ܩܫܬܐ

From Aramaic קֵּשְׁתָּא (qeštā); compare Akkadian 𒄑𒉼 (qaštum), Hebrew קֶשֶׁת (késhet) and Arabic قَوْس (qaws, “bow”).

Alternative forms

• ܩܸܫܛܵܐ (qišṭā)

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qɪʃ.tɑː]

Noun

ܩܸܫܬܵܐ • (qištā) m (plural ܩܸܫܬܹ̈ܐ (qištē) or ܩܸܫܬܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (qištāṯē) or ܩܸܫܝܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (qišyāṯē))

1. (weaponry, archery) bow
2. (geometry) arc
3. (graph theory) edge connecting two vertices
4. (physics) electric arc
5. (music) bow, as used with string instruments
6. (architecture, masonry) arch, archway
7. (orthography) name of a diacritic mark
   1. written under the letter pē changing sound from /p/ to /f/
   2. written under the letter bēṯ changing sound from /b/ to /v/
8. (typography, chiefly in the plural) parentheses, brackets

   Synonym: ܣܲܗܪ̈ܘܿܢܹܐ (sahrōnē)

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܸܫܬܵܐ (qištā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܩܸܫܬܝܼ (qištī)		ܩܸܫܬܲܢ (qištan)
	construct	ܩܫܸܬ݂ (qšiṯ)	2nd person	ܩܸܫܬܘܼܟ݂ (qištūḵ)	ܩܸܫܬܵܟ݂ܝ (qištāḵ)	ܩܸܫܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qištāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܸܫܬܵܐ (qištā)	3rd person	ܩܸܫܬܹܗ (qištēh)	ܩܸܫܬܵܗ̇ (qištāh)	ܩܸܫܬܗܘܿܢ (qišthōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܩܸܫܬܝܼ̈ (qištī)		ܩܸܫܬܲܢ̈ (qištan)
	construct	ܩܸܫܬܲܝ̈ (qištay)	2nd person	ܩܸܫܬܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (qištūḵ)	ܩܸܫܬܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (qištāḵ)	ܩܸܫܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qištāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܸܫܬܹ̈ܐ (qištē)	3rd person	ܩܸܫܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ (qištūh)	ܩܸܫܬ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (qištōh)	ܩܸܫܬܗ̈ܘܿܢ (qišthōn)

Coordinate terms

• (symbol) ( ( ... ) ), ( [ ... ] )
• (Punctuation) ܦܘܼܚܵܡܵܐ (puḥḥāmā); ܢܘܼܩܙܵܐ (nuqzā, “period, full stop”), ܦܵܪܘܿܫܬܵܐ (pārōštā, “comma”), ܫܘܲܝܹ̈ܐ (šwayyē, “colon”), ܙܲܝ̈ܢܹܐ (zaynē, “semicolon”), ܝܲܕ݂ܥܵܐ ܕܫܘܼܐܵܠܵܐ (yaḏˁā d-šuˀālā, “question mark”), ܝܲܕ݂ܥܵܐ ܕܩܪܵܝܬܵܐ (yaḏˁā d-qrāytā, “exclamation mark”), ܝܲܕ݂ܥܵܐ ܕܡܸܬܬܣܝܼܡܵܢܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (yaḏˁā d-mittsīmānūṯā, “quotation mark”), ܢܵܩܘܿܦܵܐ (nāqōpā, “dash, hyphen”), ܣܛܵܦܵܐ (sṭāpā, “slash”), ܩܸܫܬܵܐ (qištā, “parenthesis, bracket”), ܟܵܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܘܿܢܵܐ (kāwḵḇōnā, “asterisk”), ܓܵܕ݂ܘܿܡܵܐ (gāḏōmā), ܦܵܣܘܿܩܵܐ (pāsōqā), ^{(Category: aii:Punctuation marks)}

Derived terms

• ܩܸܫܬܵܢܵܐ (qištānā, “curved, arched”)
• ܕܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ ܩܸܫܬܵܝܵܐ (daqīqā qištāyā, “arcminute”)
• ܩܸܫܬܵܐ ܕܥܢܵܢܵܐ (qištā d-ˁnānā, “rainbow”)
• ܩܸܫܬܵܐ ܕܡܲܠܲܐܟ݂ܹܐ (qištā d-malaˀḵē, “Cupid's bow”)
• ܩܸܫܬܵܐ ܝܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ (qištā yarīḵā, “longbow”)

Etymology 2

Modified from above; compare Hebrew קַשָּׁת (kashát).

Alternative forms

• ܩܲܫܵܛܵܐ (qaššāṭā)

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qaʃʃɑːθɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [qaʃʃɑːtɑː]

Noun

ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ • (qaššāṯā) m sg (plural ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (qaššāṯē))

1. (archery) archer, bowman; soldier whose main weapon is the bow and arrow

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qaššāṯā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܝܼ (qaššāṯī)		ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܲܢ (qaššāṯan)
	construct	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ (qaššāṯ)	2nd person	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (qaššāṯūḵ)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (qaššāṯāḵ)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qaššāṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qaššāṯā)	3rd person	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܹܗ (qaššāṯēh)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (qaššāṯāh)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (qaššāṯhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈ (qaššāṯī)		ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈ (qaššāṯan)
	construct	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܲܝ̈ (qaššāṯay)	2nd person	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (qaššāṯūḵ)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (qaššāṯāḵ)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qaššāṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (qaššāṯē)	3rd person	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܗܝ (qaššāṯūh)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂̈ܘܿܗ̇ (qaššāṯōh)	ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ (qaššāṯhōn)

Proper noun

ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ • (qaššāṯā) m

1. (astrology, astronomy) Sagittarius (constellation and zodiac sign)

Coordinate terms

Zodiac signs in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic · ܡܲܠܘܵܫܹ̈ܐ (malwāšē) (layout · text)
ܐܸܡܪܵܐ (imrā)	ܬܵܘܪܵܐ (tāwrā)	ܬܐܘܿܡܹ̈ܐ (tˀōmē)	ܣܲܪܛܵܢܵܐ (sarṭānā)
ܐܲܪܝܵܐ (aryā)	ܒܬ݂ܘܼܠܬܵܐ (bṯultā)	ܡܲܣܵܐ̈ܬ݂ܵܐ (massāṯā)	ܥܲܩܪܒ݂ܵܐ (ˁaqrḇā)
ܩܲܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ (qaššāṯā)	ܓܲܕ݂ܝܵܐ (gaḏyā)	ܕܵܘܠܵܐ (dāwlā)	ܢܘܼܢܹ̈ܐ (nūnē)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Compare Hebrew קֶשֶׁת (qéšeṯ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qɛʃtɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [qɛʃte], [qɛʃtɑθɑ] (plural)

Noun

ܩܫܬܐ • (transliteration needed) c (plural ܩܫܬܬܐ or ܩܫܬܐ)

1. (archery) bow
2. (weather) rainbow
3. (architecture) arch
4. row, semicircle

Usage notes

The plural form ܩܫܬܐ (qeštēʾ) is rare.

Inflection

    declension of ܩܫܬܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܩܫܬ	ܩܫܬܢ ,ܩܫܬܝܢ
construct	ܩܫܬ	ܩܫܬܬ ,ܩܫܬܝ
emphatic	ܩܫܬܐ	ܩܫܬܬܐ ,ܩܫܬܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܩܫܬܝ	ܩܫܬܬܝ ,ܩܫܬܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟ	ܩܫܬܬܟ ,ܩܫܬܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝ	ܩܫܬܬܟܝ ,ܩܫܬܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܬܗ ,ܩܫܬܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܬܗ ,ܩܫܬܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܩܫܬܢ	ܩܫܬܬܢ ,ܩܫܬܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܘܢ	ܩܫܬܬܟܘܢ ,ܩܫܬܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝܢ	ܩܫܬܬܟܝܢ ,ܩܫܬܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܘܢ	ܩܫܬܬܗܘܢ ,ܩܫܬܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܝܢ	ܩܫܬܬܗܝܢ ,ܩܫܬܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܟܫܛܐ
• ܩܫܛܐ

Etymology 2

Modified from above. Compare Hebrew קַשָּׁת (qaššāṯ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qaʃʃɑθɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [qaʃʃɑθe] (plural)

Noun

ܩܫܬܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܩܫܬܐ)

1. (archery) archer, bowman

Inflection

    inflection of ܩܫܬܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܩܫܬ	ܩܫܬܝܢ
construct	ܩܫܬ	ܩܫܬܝ
emphatic	ܩܫܬܐ	ܩܫܬܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܩܫܬܝ	ܩܫܬܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟ	ܩܫܬܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝ	ܩܫܬܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܩܫܬܢ	ܩܫܬܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܘܢ	ܩܫܬܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝܢ	ܩܫܬܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܘܢ	ܩܫܬܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܝܢ	ܩܫܬܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܟܫܛܐ
• ܩܫܛܐ

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qɑʃtɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [qɑʃɑθɑ] (plural)

Noun

ܩܫܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܩܫܬܐ)

1. (dialectal) doorknocker

Inflection

    declension of ܩܫܬܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܩܫܐ	ܩܫܢ
construct	ܩܫܬ	ܩܫܬ
emphatic	ܩܫܬܐ	ܩܫܬܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܩܫܬܝ	ܩܫܬܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟ	ܩܫܬܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝ	ܩܫܬܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܗ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܩܫܬܢ	ܩܫܬܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܘܢ	ܩܫܬܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝܢ	ܩܫܬܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܘܢ	ܩܫܬܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܝܢ	ܩܫܬܗܝܢ

Etymology 4

Compare Arabic قَشَّة (qašša) and قَشّ (qašš) and Hebrew קַשׁ (qaš).

Alternative forms

• ܩܫܐ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qɛʃ(ʃə)θɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [qɛʃʃɑθɑ] (plural)

Noun

ܩܫܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܩܫܬܐ)

1. stubble, dry stalks or grass or leaves
2. picking up sticks, gathering dry leaves

Inflection

    declension of ܩܫܬܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܩܫܐ	ܩܫܢ
construct	ܩܫܬ	ܩܫܬ
emphatic	ܩܫܬܐ	ܩܫܬܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܩܫܬܝ	ܩܫܬܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟ	ܩܫܬܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝ	ܩܫܬܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܗ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܩܫܬܗ	ܩܫܬܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܩܫܬܢ	ܩܫܬܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܘܢ	ܩܫܬܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܩܫܬܟܝܢ	ܩܫܬܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܘܢ	ܩܫܬܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܩܫܬܗܝܢ	ܩܫܬܗܝܢ

References

• “qšt”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “qštˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pp. 332b, 333a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 522b, 523a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pp. 1418a, 1420b-1421a