ऋषभ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋषभ (ṛṣabha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɾɪ.ʂəbʱ/, [ɾɪ.ʃɐbʱ]

Noun

ऋषभ • (ŕṣabh) m

1. a bull

   Synonym: साँड़ (sā̃ṛ)

2. the second note of the Indian musical scale

Declension

Declension of ऋषभ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ऋषभ ŕṣabh	ऋषभ ŕṣabh
oblique	ऋषभ ŕṣabh	ऋषभों ŕṣabhõ
vocative	ऋषभ ŕṣabh	ऋषभो ŕṣabho

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “ऋषभ”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ऋषभ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “ऋषभ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ঋষভ (Assamese script)
• ᬋᬱᬪ (Balinese script)
• ঋষভ (Bengali script)
• 𑰆𑰬𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀋𑀱𑀪 (Brahmi script)
• ၒၑဘ (Burmese script)
• ઋષભ (Gujarati script)
• ਰਸ਼ਭ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌋𑌷𑌭 (Grantha script)
• ꦉꦰꦨ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂱𑂭𑂦 (Kaithi script)
• ಋಷಭ (Kannada script)
• ឫឞភ (Khmer script)
• ຣິຩຠ (Lao script)
• ഋഷഭ (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡳᢢᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘆𑘬𑘥 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠢᢔᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦦𑧌𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐆𑐲𑐨 (Newa script)
• ଋଷଭ (Odia script)
• ꢈꢰꢩ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆉𑆰𑆨 (Sharada script)
• 𑖆𑖬𑖥 (Siddham script)
• ඍෂභ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩙𑪀𑩳 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚡 (Takri script)
• ரிஷப⁴ (Tamil script)
• ఋషభ (Telugu script)
• ฤษภ (Thai script)
• རྀ་ཥ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒇𑒭𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨉𑨯𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(w)r̥šabʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥sn̥-bʰó-s, from *wérsēn (“male animal; manly man”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥 (ar^əšan), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn), Old Armenian առն (aṙn), Latin verrēs (“boar”). Also related to वृषभ (vṛṣabhá), वृषन् (vṛṣan).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /r̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈr̩.ʂɐ.bʱɐ/

Noun

ऋषभ • (ṛṣabhá) stem, m

1. a bull
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.166.1:

     ऋ॒ष॒भं मा॑ समा॒नानां॑ स॒पत्ना॑नां विषास॒हिम्।
     ह॒न्तारं॒ शत्रू॑णां कृधि वि॒राजं॒ गोप॑तिं॒ गवा॑म्॥

     ṛṣabháṃ mā samānā́nāṃ sapátnānāṃ viṣāsahím.
     hantā́raṃ śátrūṇāṃ kṛdhi virā́jaṃ gópatiṃ gávām.

     Make me a bull among my peers, make me conquer my rivals, make me the slayer of my foes, a sovereign ruler lord of the cattle.

2. a male animal of any kind
3. the best, excellent and the most powerful of any kind or race

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ऋषभ (ṛṣabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ऋषभः ṛṣabháḥ	ऋषभौ / ऋषभा¹ ṛṣabhaú / ṛṣabhā́¹	ऋषभाः / ऋषभासः¹ ṛṣabhā́ḥ / ṛṣabhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	ऋषभ ṛ́ṣabha	ऋषभौ / ऋषभा¹ ṛ́ṣabhau / ṛ́ṣabhā¹	ऋषभाः / ऋषभासः¹ ṛ́ṣabhāḥ / ṛ́ṣabhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	ऋषभम् ṛṣabhám	ऋषभौ / ऋषभा¹ ṛṣabhaú / ṛṣabhā́¹	ऋषभान् ṛṣabhā́n
Instrumental	ऋषभेण ṛṣabhéṇa	ऋषभाभ्याम् ṛṣabhā́bhyām	ऋषभैः / ऋषभेभिः¹ ṛṣabhaíḥ / ṛṣabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	ऋषभाय ṛṣabhā́ya	ऋषभाभ्याम् ṛṣabhā́bhyām	ऋषभेभ्यः ṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	ऋषभात् ṛṣabhā́t	ऋषभाभ्याम् ṛṣabhā́bhyām	ऋषभेभ्यः ṛṣabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	ऋषभस्य ṛṣabhásya	ऋषभयोः ṛṣabháyoḥ	ऋषभाणाम् ṛṣabhā́ṇām
Locative	ऋषभे ṛṣabhé	ऋषभयोः ṛṣabháyoḥ	ऋषभेषु ṛṣabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Gandhari: 𐨀𐨂𐨮𐨬𐨿𐨱 (uṣavha)
• Khowar: ریݰو (reṣú)
• Pali: usabha
  • → Khmer: ឧសភ (ʼŏsâph)
• → Kannada: ಋಷಭ (ṛṣabha)
• → Malayalam: ഋഷഭം (r̥ṣabhaṁ), ഇടവം (iṭavaṁ)
• → Tamil: ரிஷபம் (riṣapam), இடபம் (iṭapam)
• → Telugu: ఋషభము (r̥ṣabhamu)

See also

Zodiac signs in Sanskrit (layout · text)
मेष (meṣa)	ऋषभ (ṛṣabha)	मिथुन (mithuna)	कर्कटक (karkaṭaka)
सिंह (siṃha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तुला (tulā)	वृश्चिक (vṛścika)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makara)	कुम्भ (kumbha)	मीन (mīna)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ऋषभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 226, column 3.