सिंह

See also: साही, सही, सह, सेही, and सौंह

Hindi

Alternative forms

• सिंघ (siṅgh)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /sɪŋɡʱ/, [sɪ̃ŋɡʱ]

Noun

सिंह • (siṅh) m (feminine सिंहनी, Urdu spelling سنہ)

1. lion
2. (astronomy) The constellation Leo
3. (astrology) A Leo

Declension

Declension of सिंह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सिंह siṅh	सिंह siṅh
oblique	सिंह siṅh	सिंहों siṅhõ
vocative	सिंह siṅh	सिंहो siṅho

Synonyms

• शेर (śer)

Further reading

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सिंह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 1012
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सिंह”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 5105

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /siu.ɦə/
• Hyphenation: सिं‧ह

Noun

सिंह • (siuha) m

1. the lion
2. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Leo or its lagna
3. hero, eminent person

Declension

Declension of सिंह (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	सिंह siuha
direct plural	सिंह siuha
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	सिंह siuha		सिंह siuha
oblique सामान्यरूप	सिंहा siuhā		सिंहां- siuhān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	सिंहाला siuhālā		सिंहांना siuhānnā
ergative	सिंहाने, सिंहानं siuhāne, siuhāna		सिंहांनी siuhānnī
instrumental	सिंहाशी siuhāśī		सिंहांशी siuhānśī
locative सप्तमी	सिंहात siuhāt		सिंहांत siuhāt
vocative संबोधन	सिंहा siuhā		सिंहांनो siuhānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of सिंह (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	सिंहाचा siuhāċā	सिंहाचे siuhāċe	सिंहाची siuhācī	सिंहाच्या siuhācā	सिंहाचे, सिंहाचं siuhāċe, siuhāċa	सिंहाची siuhācī	सिंहाच्या siuhācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	सिंहांचा siuhānċā	सिंहांचे siuhānċe	सिंहांची siuhāñcī	सिंहांच्या siuhāncā	सिंहांचे, सिंहांचं siuhānċe, siuhānċa	सिंहांची siuhāñcī	सिंहांच्या siuhāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

See also

Zodiac signs in Marathi · राशी (rāśī) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ)	वृषभ (vŕṣabh)	मिथुन (mithun)	कर्क (karka)
सिंह (siuha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तूळ (tūḷ)	वृश्चिक (vŕścik)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makar)	कुंभ (kumbha)	मीन (mīn)

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [siŋɦʌ], [sĩɦʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सिङ्ह, or सिंहअ

Noun

सिंह • (siṅha)

1. lion
2. (astronomy) The constellation Leo
3. (astrology) A Leo

See also

Zodiac signs in Nepali · राशि (rāśi) (layout · text)
मेष (meṣ)	वृष (vr̥ṣ)	मिथुन (mithuna)	कर्कट (karkaṭ)
सिंह (siṅha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तुला (tulā)	वृश्चिक (vr̥ścik)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makar)	कुम्भ (kumbha)	मीन (mīna)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সিংহ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬶᬂᬳ (Balinese script)
• সিংহ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰰𑰽𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• သိံဟ (Burmese script)
• સિંહ (Gujarati script)
• ਸਿਂਹ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌿𑌂𑌹 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦶꦁꦲ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂱𑂁𑂯 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಿಂಹ (Kannada script)
• សិំហ (Khmer script)
• ສິໍຫ (Lao script)
• സിംഹ (Malayalam script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᡳᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘮 (Modi script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰᠢᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧒𑧞𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐶𑑄𑐴 (Newa script)
• ସିଂହ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢶꢀꢲ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆴𑆁𑆲 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖰𑖽𑖮 (Siddham script)
• සිංහ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩑𑪖𑪂 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚮𑚫𑚩 (Takri script)
• ஸிஂஹ (Tamil script)
• సింహ (Telugu script)
• สิํห (Thai script)
• སིཾ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒱𑓀𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨁𑨸𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sinźʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sinȷ́ʰás, from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰo-, ultimately a borrowing from a Central Asian substrate language. Cognate with Old Armenian ինձ (inj). Less likely, a nonadjacent metathesis of हिंसा (hiṃsā).

Pronunciation

• (Rigveda) IPA^(key): /sin.ɦɐ́/, /sĩ.ɦɐ́/
• (Yajurveda chanting) IPA^(key): /si.ɡm̩.ɦɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ĩ.ɦɐ/

Noun

सिंह • (siṃhá) stem, m

1. lion
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.3:

     र॒थीव॒ कश॒याश्वाँ॑ अभिक्षि॒पन्ना॒विर्दू॒तान्कृ॑णुते व॒र्ष्याँ॒३॒॑ अह॑।
     दू॒रात्सिं॒हस्य॑ स्त॒नथा॒ उदी॑रते॒ यत्प॒र्जन्य॑: कृणु॒ते व॒र्ष्यं१॒॑ नभ॑:॥

     rathī́va káśayā́śvām̐ abhikṣipánnāvírdūtā́nkṛṇute varṣyā̀m̐ áha.
     dūrā́tsiṃhásya stanáthā údīrate yátparjánya: kṛṇuté varṣyàṃ nábha:.

     Like a car-driver whipping on his horses, he makes the messengers of rain spring forward.
     The roaring of the lion resounds from far when Parjanya fills the sky with rain-cloud.

2. (astrology) the zodiacal sign Leo or its lagna
3. hero, eminent person
4. a particular form of temple
5. a particular place prepared for the building of a house
6. a Moringa with red flowers
7. (music) a kind of tune
8. the symbol or emblem of the 24th arhat of the present avasarpini

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सिंह (siṃhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सिंहः siṃháḥ	सिंहौ / सिंहा¹ siṃhaú / siṃhā́¹	सिंहाः / सिंहासः¹ siṃhā́ḥ / siṃhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	सिंह síṃha	सिंहौ / सिंहा¹ síṃhau / síṃhā¹	सिंहाः / सिंहासः¹ síṃhāḥ / síṃhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सिंहम् siṃhám	सिंहौ / सिंहा¹ siṃhaú / siṃhā́¹	सिंहान् siṃhā́n
Instrumental	सिंहेन siṃhéna	सिंहाभ्याम् siṃhā́bhyām	सिंहैः / सिंहेभिः¹ siṃhaíḥ / siṃhébhiḥ¹
Dative	सिंहाय siṃhā́ya	सिंहाभ्याम् siṃhā́bhyām	सिंहेभ्यः siṃhébhyaḥ
Ablative	सिंहात् siṃhā́t	सिंहाभ्याम् siṃhā́bhyām	सिंहेभ्यः siṃhébhyaḥ
Genitive	सिंहस्य siṃhásya	सिंहयोः siṃháyoḥ	सिंहानाम् siṃhā́nām
Locative	सिंहे siṃhé	सिंहयोः siṃháyoḥ	सिंहेषु siṃhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• सिंहकेसर (siṃhakesara)
• सिंहदंष्ट्र (siṃhadaṃṣṭra)
• सिंहद्वार (siṃhadvāra)
• सिंहपुर (siṃhapura)
• सिंहबल (siṃhabala)
• सिंहवाहिनी (siṃhavāhinī)
• सिंहाचल (siṃhācala)
• सिंहावलोकन (siṃhāvalokana)
• सिंहासन (siṃhāsana)
• सिंहास्य (siṃhāsya)
• सिंहिका (siṃhikā)

 

Descendants

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha)
• Kashmiri: सॖह (sụh)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀺𑀁𑀳 (śiṃha)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (siṃha)
• Pali: sīha
  • → Burmese: သိဟ် (sih), သီဟ (siha.) (learned)
  • → Khmer: សីហា (səyhaa), សីហៈ (səyhaʼ) (learned)
  • → Shan: သီႇႁႃႉ (sìi hâ̰a) (learned)
  • → Thai: สีห์ (sǐi), สีหะ (learned)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha)
  • Old Hindi:
    • Hindi: सिंघ (siṅgh), سنگھ (siṅgh)
  • Punjabi: ਸਿੰਘ (siṅgh)
• → Assamese: সিংহ (xiṅho)
  • → Karbi: hingho
  • → Mising: ইংগ (iṅgo)
• → Bengali: সিংহ (śiṅho)
  • → Kokborok: singho
  • → Garo: singho
• → Bhojpuri: सिंह (sinh)
• → Bishnupriya Manipuri: সিংহ
• → Gondi: చిహొ (ciho)
• → Gujarati: સિંહ (sĩh)
• → Hindi: सिंह (sĩh), سنہ (siṅh)
• → Kannada: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)
• → Lao: ສິງ (sing)
• → Lü: ᦉᦲᧂ (ṡiing)
• → Classical Malay: [Term?]
  • Malay: singa
    • → Bau Bidayuh: singa
    • → Central Melanau: singa
    • Indonesian: singa
      • → Nalca: singa
    • → Maranao: singa
• → Malayalam: സിംഹം (siṁhaṁ), ചിങ്ങം (ciṅṅaṁ)
  • → Malavedan: ചിമുകം (cimukaṁ)
• → Marathi: सिंह (siuha)
• → Nepali: सिंह (siṅha)
• → Old Javanese: [script needed] (siṅha)
  • Javanese: ꦱꦶꦔ (singa)
  • → Sundanese: ᮞᮤᮍ (singa)
• → Old Khmer: សិង្ហ (siṅha), សិង៑ (siṅ)
  • Khmer: សិង្ហ (sənghɑɑ), សឹង្ហ (səng)
• → Odia: ସିଂହ (siṁha)
• → Sinhalese: සිංහය (siṁhaya)
• → Tamil: சிங்கம் (ciṅkam), சிம்மம் (cimmam), சிம்ஹம் (cimham)
• → Telugu: సింహము (siṁhamu)
• → Thai: สิงห์ (sǐng)
• → Tibetan: སེངྒེ (sengge)
• → Tulu: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)

See also

Zodiac signs in Sanskrit (layout · text)
मेष (meṣa)	ऋषभ (ṛṣabha)	मिथुन (mithuna)	कर्कटक (karkaṭaka)
सिंह (siṃha)	कन्या (kanyā)	तुला (tulā)	वृश्चिक (vṛścika)
धनु (dhanu)	मकर (makara)	कुम्भ (kumbha)	मीन (mīna)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सिंह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1213/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 727