土地

Chinese

		earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian	earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly
simp. and trad. (土地)		土	地
anagram		地土

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tǔdì

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): тўди (twdi, II-III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou² dei⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thú-thi
• Min Dong (BUC): tù-dê
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thó͘-tōe / thó͘-tē

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tou² di⁷

• Wu (Wiktionary): thu di (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: tǔdì
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuudih
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tǔdì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ti⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: тўди (twdi, II-III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵¹ ti⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou² dei⁶
    • Yale: tóu deih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou² dei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou² déi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thú-thi
    • Hakka Romanization System: tu` ti
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tu³ ti⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰu³¹ tʰi⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tù-dê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵³⁻²¹ ^(t-)lɛi²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘-tōe
    • Tâi-lô: thóo-tuē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tofdoe
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tue³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tue⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘-tē
    • Tâi-lô: thóo-tē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tofde
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tou² di⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóu tī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ ti¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: thu di (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰv̩ʷ³³ d̻i⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /tʰuo^X  diɪ^H/

Rime
Character	土	地
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他魯切	徒四切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuoX/	/diɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoX/	/diH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰoX/	/djɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɔX/	/diH/
Li Rong	/tʰoX/	/diH/
Wang Li	/tʰuX/	/diH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuoX/	/dʱiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǔ	dì

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤaʔ  [l]ˤej-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːʔ  l'els/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	土	地
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tǔ	dì
Middle Chinese	‹ thuX ›	‹ dijH ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁaʔ/	/*[l]ˁej-s/
English	earth	earth, ground
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	土	地
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	12499	14808
Phonetic component	土	也
Rime group	魚	歌
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	土	地
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/	/*l'els/

Noun

土地

1. ground; soil; land

   土地制度  ―  tǔdì zhìdù  ―  land system

   土地政策  ―  tǔdì zhèngcè  ―  land policy

   土地私有制度  ―  tǔdì sīyǒu zhìdù  ―  system of private land ownership

   原住民土地所有權 [MSC, trad.]
   原住民土地所有权 [MSC, simp.]

   yuánzhùmín tǔdì suǒyǒuquán [Pinyin]

   native title

   霸佔土地 / 霸占土地  ―  bàzhàn tǔdì  ―  to occupy land

   • 審其土地之宜。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     审其土地之宜。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Shěn qí tǔdì zhī yí. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. territory

Synonyms

• (territory):

edit

• 國土／国土 (guótǔ) (of a country)
• 境界 (jìngjiè)
• 幅員／幅员 (fúyuán)
• 版圖／版图 (bǎntú)
• 疆土 (jiāngtǔ) (of a country)

• 疆域 (jiāngyù)
• 疆理 (jiānglǐ) (literary)
• 領土／领土 (lǐngtǔ)
• 領地／领地 (lǐngdì)

Derived terms

• 土地增值稅／土地增值税
• 土地改革 (tǔdì gǎigé)
• 土地稅／土地税 (tǔdìshuì)

• 土地證／土地证
• 土地退化 (tǔdì tuìhuà)
• 土改 (tǔgǎi)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Tǔdi, Tǔdì

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ˙ㄉㄧ, ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou² dei^6-2
• Min Dong (BUC): Tū-dê

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: Tǔdi
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ˙ㄉㄧ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuu.di
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔdi̊
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴ d̥i⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: Tǔdì
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuudih
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔdì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ti⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou² dei^6-2
    • Yale: tóu déi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou² dei^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou² déi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³⁵ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Tū-dê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)lɛi²⁴²/

Proper noun

土地

1. Alternative name for 土地公 (Tǔdìgōng, “Tudigong”).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 土地公 (“Tudigong”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		福德正神, 土地, 土地神
Mandarin	Taiwan	土地公
	Ulanhot	土地老
	Tongliao	土地老
	Chifeng	土地爺
	Bayanhot	土地爺
	Hailar	土地老
	Harbin	土地老兒
	Muping	土老爺兒
	Jinan	土地爺爺, 土地
	Luoyang	土地爺
	Wanrong	土地爺
	Lanzhou	土主爺
	Ürümqi	土地爺
	Liuzhou	社王公
	Xuzhou	土地老爺
	Nanjing	土地爺爺, 土地公公
	Malaysia	大伯公
	Singapore	土地公, 大伯公
Cantonese	Guangzhou	土地, 土地公
	Hong Kong	土地, 土地公
Gan	Nanchang	土地菩薩
	Pingxiang	土地, 土地公公
Hakka	Meixian	伯公, 土地伯公
	Yudu	土地公公
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	伯公, 土地伯公
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	伯公, 土地伯公
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	伯公, 土地伯公
	Dongshi (Dabu)	伯公, 土地伯公
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	伯公, 土地伯公
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	伯公, 土地伯公
Huizhou	Jixi	土地老爺, 土地菩薩
Jin	Taiyuan	土地爺
	Taibus (Baochang)	土地爺
	Linhe	土地爺
	Jining	土地爺
	Hohhot	土地爺
	Baotou	土地爺
	Dongsheng	土地爺
	Haibowan	土神爺
Min Bei	Jian'ou	土地公
Min Dong	Fuzhou	土地公
Min Nan	Xiamen	土地公, 大伯公
	Quanzhou	土地公
	Zhangzhou	土地公, 大伯公
	Taipei	土地公
	Kaohsiung	土地公
	Tainan	土地公, 福德正神
	Taichung	土地公
	Hsinchu	土地公
	Lukang	土地公
	Sanxia	土地公
	Yilan	土地公
	Kinmen	土地公
	Magong	土地公
	Penang (Hokkien)	大伯公
	Singapore (Hokkien)	大伯公, 土地公
	Manila (Hokkien)	土地公
	Leizhou	土地公
	Haikou	土地公
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	土地公, 土地
Wu	Shanghai	土地, 土地菩薩
	Wenzhou	土地爺
Xiang	Changsha	土地老倌

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
土	地
と Grade: 1	ち Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) とち [tòchí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞t͡ɕi]

Noun

土(と)地(ち) • (tochi) 

1. ground; land
2. area; region

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
土	地

Noun

土地 • (toji) (hangeul 토지)

1. Hanja form^? of 토지 (“land; ground”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
土	地

Adjective

土地

1. Hán tự form of thổ địa.