失火

Chinese

		to lose; to miss; to fail	fire; angry; fierce fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving
trad. (失火)		失	火
simp. #(失火)		失	火

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shīhuǒ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕ ㄏㄨㄛˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹ fo²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sit-hér / sit-hé / sit-hóe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shīhuǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄏㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shihhuǒ
    • Wade–Giles: shih¹-huo³
    • Yale: shr̄-hwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhuoo
    • Palladius: шихо (šixo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sat¹ fo²
    • Yale: sāt fó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷ fo²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sed¹ fo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵ fɔː³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hér
    • Tâi-lô: sit-hér
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ hə⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hé
    • Tâi-lô: sit-hé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sithea
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ he⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hóe
    • Tâi-lô: sit-hué
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sithoea
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ hue⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: syit xwaX

Rime
Character	失	火
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	眞 (48)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	式質切	呼果切
Baxter	syit	xwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪt̚/	/huɑX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕit̚/	/huɑX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjet̚/	/xuɑX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕit̚/	/hwaX/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕt̚/	/xuɑX/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕt̚/	/xuɑX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕt̚/	/xuɑX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shi	huǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sat1	fo2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[t]  [qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hliɡ  qʰʷaːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	失	火
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shī	huǒ
Middle Chinese	‹ syit ›	‹ xwaX ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[t]/	/*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
English	lose	fire
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	失	火
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11426	5540
Phonetic component	失	火
Rime group	質	歌
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	失	火
Old Chinese	/*hliɡ/	/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

Verb

失火

1. to catch fire

   • 凡國失火，野焚萊，則有刑罰焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     凡国失火，野焚莱，则有刑罚焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE

     Fán guó shīhuǒ, yě fén lái, zé yǒu xíngfá yān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 河內失火，延燒千餘家。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     河内失火，延烧千余家。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Hénèi shīhuǒ, yánshāo qiān yú jiā. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (engineering) to misfire

Synonyms

• 發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
• 著火／着火 (zháohuǒ)
• 起火

 

Dialectal synonyms of 失火 (“to catch fire”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		失火, 著火, 起火
Mandarin	Taiwan	失火, 著火
Cantonese	Guangzhou	火燭, 老丙
	Hong Kong	著火, 火燭
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	著火
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	著火
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	著火
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	著火
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	著火
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	著火
Southern Min	Xiamen	著火燒, 火燒
	Quanzhou	著火燒, 火燒
	Zhangzhou	著火燒, 火燒

Derived terms

• 亡猿失火
• 城門失火，殃及池魚／城门失火，殃及池鱼 (chéngmén shīhuǒ, yāngjí chíyú)
• 失火罪
• 昆侖失火，玉石俱焚／昆仑失火，玉石俱焚

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (失火):

• → Japanese: 失(しっ)火(か) (shikka)
• → Korean: 실화(失火) (silhwa)