姆

Translingual

Han character

姆 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女田卜戈 (VWYI), four-corner 4745₀, composition ⿰女母)

Derived characters

𫪰, 𦲝

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 258, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6159
Dae Jaweon: page 523, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1041, character 13
Unihan data for U+59C6

Chinese

trad.		姆
simp. ^#		姆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
脢	mɯːs, mɯː, *mɯːs
挴	mlɯːʔ, mɯːʔ
海	*hmlɯːʔ
毐	ʔmɯː, ʔmɯːʔ
呣	*mɯ
拇	*mɯʔ
母	*mɯʔ
胟	*mɯʔ
姆	mɯʔ, mɯs, *maːʔ
畮	*mɯʔ
踇	*mɯʔ
苺	mɯs, mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓	mɯs, mɯː, *mɯːs
敏	mrɯʔ, mrɯŋʔ
鰵	*mrɯŋʔ
慜	*mrɯŋʔ
毋	*ma
梅	*mɯː
酶	*mɯː
鋂	*mɯː
每	*mɯːʔ
毎	*mɯːs
痗	mɯːs, hmɯːs
晦	*hmɯːs
誨	*hmɯːs
悔	hmɯːʔ, hmɯːs
霉	*mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 母 (OC *mɯʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǔ (mu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bió / bó͘ / bú / bó / ḿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): m²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹mu / ¹mo; ⁶mo

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǔ
  - Wade–Giles: mu³
  - Yale: mǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁵
  - Yale: móuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mê
  - Hakka Romanization System: me^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: me¹
  - Sinological IPA: /me²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bió
  - Tâi-lô: bió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bioir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘
  - Tâi-lô: bóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bor
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bú
  - Tâi-lô: bú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: buo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó
  - Tâi-lô: bó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boir
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ḿ
  - Tâi-lô: ḿ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mr
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /m̩⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /m̩⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /m̩⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

bió/bó͘ - literary;
bú/bó - vernacular;
ḿ - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: m²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ḿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /m⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹mu
  - MiniDict: 'mu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'mu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu⁵³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹mo; ⁶mo
  - MiniDict: 'mo^平; mo^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /mo⁴⁴/, /mo²³¹/

Middle Chinese: muwH

Rime
Character	姆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫候切
Baxter	muwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/məu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/məu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məw^H/
Li Rong	/mu^H/
Wang Li	/məu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/, /*mɯs/, /*maːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ muw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*məʔ/
English	female teacher in harem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姆	姆	姆
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	9290	9293	9300
Phonetic component	母	母	母
Rime group	之	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	母	茂
Old Chinese	/*mɯʔ/	/*mɯs/	/*maːʔ/

Definitions

姆

^† female tutor who teaches women "female virtues" (in imperial China)
woman who looks after small children

Compounds

保姆 (bǎomǔ)
克里姆林宮 (Kèlǐmǔlín gōng)
古姆 (Gǔmǔ)
史萊姆／史莱姆 (shǐláimǔ)
哈姆雷特
大姆
大姆子
姆姆 (mǔmǔ)
姆嬸／姆婶
媬姆
山姆叔叔 (Shānmǔ shūshu)
歐姆／欧姆 (ōumǔ)
歐姆定律／欧姆定律 (Ōumǔ dìnglǜ)
萊姆果／莱姆果
萊姆酒／莱姆酒 (láimǔjiǔ)
蘭姆酒／兰姆酒 (lánmǔjiǔ)
褓姆 (bǎomǔ)
西姆孫線／西姆孙线
阿姆 (āmǔ)
阿姆河 (Āmǔhé)
阿薩姆／阿萨姆 (Āsàmǔ)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): m̄, mū (m¹, mu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㆬ, ㄇㄨ
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹m

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: m̄
  - Zhuyin: ㆬ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: m
  - Wade–Giles: m¹
  - Yale: m̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: m1
  - Palladius: м (m)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /m̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mū
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mu
  - Wade–Giles: mu¹
  - Yale: mū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhu
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹m
  - MiniDict: 'm^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'mm
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /m̩⁵³/

Definitions

姆

Only used in 姆媽／姆妈 (m̄mā).

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): m̌ (m³)

(Zhuyin): ㆬˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: m̌
  - Zhuyin: ㆬˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: m̌
  - Wade–Giles: m³
  - Yale: m̌
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: m3
  - Palladius: м (m)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /m̩²¹⁴/

Definitions

姆

Only used in 姆們／姆们 (m̌men).

References

“姆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

姆

(Hyōgai kanji)

wet nurse

Readings

Go-on: も (mo)
Kan-on: ぼ (bo)
Kun: うば (uba, 姆)、かしずき (kashizuki)

Korean

Hanja

姆 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo)

child's governess
matron

Vietnamese

Han character

姆: Hán Nôm readings: mỗ, mẫu

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