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女

See also: タ, ヌ, ㄆ, ㄡ, 又, 夂, 夊, 夕, 支, 攴, 攵, 文, 歹, 歺, 𡚦, and 𠨰

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TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 38 女

女 (radical 38, 女+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 女 (V), four-corner 40400)

  1. Kangxi radical #38, ⼥.

Derived glyphsEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 254, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6036
  • Dae Jaweon: page 516, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1023, character 23
  • Unihan data for U+5973

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 女
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
拿 *rnaː
拏 *rnaː
詉 *rnaː
蒘 *rnaː, *na
笯 *rnaː, *naː, *naːs
挐 *rnaː, *na
絮 *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
呶 *rnaːw
怓 *rnaːw
帑 *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
奴 *naː
砮 *naː, *naːʔ
駑 *naː
孥 *naː
努 *naːʔ
弩 *naːʔ
怒 *naːʔ, *naːs
袽 *na
帤 *na
女 *naʔ, *nas
籹 *naʔ
恕 *hnjas
如 *nja, *njas
茹 *nja, *njaʔ, *njas
洳 *nja, *njas
鴽 *nja
蕠 *nja
汝 *njaʔ
肗 *njaʔ

Pictogram (象形): a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side: enclosed area is remnant of left breast (character's left, depicted woman's right), while right breast has disappeared. Graphically cognate to 母 (mǔ, “mother”), which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts.

Etymology 1Edit

simp. and trad.
 女
variant forms 𠨰

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nja-ŋ/k (“woman”).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • neoi5-2 - “daughter; girlfriend; girl”;
  • neoi5-1 - “queen”.
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • Xiamen:
      • lú - more common.
    • Zhangzhou:
      • lí - more common.
    • Quanzhou:
      • lír - more common;
      • lú - colloquial variant.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 女
    Mandarin Beijing /ny²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ny²¹³/
    Tianjin /nuei¹³/
    /ny¹³/
    Jinan /ȵy⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ny⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ny⁵³/
    Xi'an /ny⁵³/
    Xining /mji⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ny⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ȵy⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ȵy⁵¹/
    Wuhan /y⁴²/
    Chengdu /ȵy⁵³/
    Guiyang /ni⁴²/
    Kunming /ni⁵³/
    Nanjing /ly²¹²/
    Hefei /zz̩ʷ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ny⁵³/
    Pingyao /nzz̩ʷ⁵³/ ～子
    /ȵy⁵³/ ～貓
    Hohhot /ny⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵy²³/
    Suzhou /ȵy³¹/
    Hangzhou /nz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /ȵy³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ny³⁵/
    Tunxi /ȵy²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ȵy⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /ȵy⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵy²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /n̩³¹/
    Taoyuan /ŋ̍³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /nøy²³/
    Nanning /ny²⁴/
    Hong Kong /nøy¹³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lu⁵³/
    /li⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ny³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ny²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /nɯŋ⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /nu²¹³/
    Rime
    Character 女
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 娘 (12)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 尼吕切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɳɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɳiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/niɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɳɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/niɔX/
    Wang
    Li         		/nĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ni̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		nǚ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 女
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nǚ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nrjoX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nraʔ/
    English female

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 女
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 9616
    Phonetic
    component         		女
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*naʔ/
    DefinitionsEdit

    女

    1. woman
      Antonyms: 男 (nán)
      女人  ―  nǚrén  ―  woman
      女的  ―  nǚde  ―  woman; female
    2. (for people) female
      ⇒ 母, 雌
      一個女演員 / 一个女演员  ―  yī ge nǚ yǎnyuán  ―  an actress
      一個女士兵 / 一个女士兵  ―  yī ge nǚ shìbīng  ―  a female soldier
    3. daughter (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
      女兒 / 女儿  ―  nǚ'ér  ―  daughter
      佢係我個女。 / 佢系我个女。 [Cantonese]  ―  Keoi5 hai6 ngo5 go3 neoi5-2. [Jyutping]  ―  She's my daughter.
    4. (Cantonese) girl; young female (Classifier: 條／条 c; 班 c)
      靚女 / 靓女 [Cantonese]  ―  leng3 neoi5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  pretty girl
    5. (Cantonese, slang) girlfriend (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    6. (Cantonese, card games) queen (Classifier: 張／张 c; 隻／只 c)
    7. (astronomy) the Girl (a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle)
    SynonymsEdit
    Dialectal synonyms of 女兒 (“daughter”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 女
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 女兒
    Mandarin Beijing 女兒、女花兒、閨女、姑娘、丫頭
    Taiwan 女兒
    Tianjin 女兒、閨女
    Harbin 女兒、姑娘、閨女、閨娘、丫頭
    Shenyang 姑娘、丫頭
    Jinan 閨女
    Muping 閨娘、閨娘子、女兒
    Jiedian 女子
    Xi'an 女、女兒
    Qingdao 閨女
    Xining 姑娘、丫頭
    Xuzhou 女兒、閨女
    Yinchuan 女兒、丫頭
    Lanzhou 女兒
    Ürümqi 女兒、丫頭
    Wuhan 姑娘、丫頭
    Chengdu 女兒、女、姑娘兒
    Guiyang 姑娘、女娃娃、女娃兒、幺女、幺姑娘、小丫頭、小姑娘
    Guilin 女兒
    Liuzhou 女、丫頭
    Kunming 囡兒、姑娘
    Yangzhou 女兒、姑娘
    Nanjing 女兒、姑娘
    Hefei 女兒、丫頭
    Nantong 丫頭
    Cantonese Guangzhou 女
    Hong Kong 女、女女
    Shunde 女
    Zhongshan 女
    Dongguan 女
    Hong Kong (Weitou) 女、妹仔
    Taishan 女
    Doumen 女
    Kaiping 女
    Shaoguan 女
    Yunfu 女
    Yangjiang 桓仔
    Xinyi 女
    Lianjiang 女
    Nanning 女
    Wuzhou 女
    Yulin 女
    Hepu 女
    Kuala Lumpur 女
    Gan Nanchang 女、姑娘
    Lichuan 女
    Pingxiang 女、妹仔
    Hakka Meixian 妹仔
    Xingning 妹哩
    Huidong 妹仔
    Qujiang 妹子
    Xiaosanjiang 妹仔
    Luchuan 女
    Changting 妹子
    Pingyu 妹子
    Wuping 妹子
    Liancheng 妹子娘
    Ninghua 女
    Yudu 女、女子
    Ruijin 女、女子
    Shicheng 女
    Shangyou 女
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 妹仔、妹子
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 妹仔、妹子
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 妹仔、妹子
    Dongshi (Dabu) 妹、妹子
    Zhuolan (Raoping) 妹仔、妹子
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 阿女
    Hong Kong 妹子
    Sabah 妹哩
    Senai 妹子
    Singkawang 妹子
    Huizhou Jixi 女
    Jin Taiyuan 閨女、妮子
    Xinzhou 閨女
    Min Bei Jian'ou 阿娘囝
    Min Dong Fuzhou 諸娘囝
    Fuqing 諸娘囝
    Matsu 諸娘囝
    Min Nan Xiamen 查某囝、查某仔
    Quanzhou 查某仔
    Zhangzhou 查某仔
    Taipei 查某囝
    Kaohsiung 查某囡仔、查某囝
    Tainan 查某囝
    Taichung 查某囝
    Wuqi 查某囝
    Hsinchu 查某囝
    Taitung 查某囝
    Lukang 查某囝
    Sanxia 查某囝
    Yilan 查某囝
    Kinmen 查某囡仔
    Magong 查某囝
    Penang 查某囝、查某仔
    Singapore 查某囝
    Philippines (Manila) 查某仔
    Pingnan 女
    Chaozhou 走囝
    Shantou 走囝
    Haifeng 查某囝
    Johor Bahru 走囝
    Haikou 查某囝、查囝
    Puxian Min Putian 嬸娘囝
    Xianyou 子囝
    Pinghua Nanning 女
    Guilin 女
    Wu Shanghai 囡兒、囡 dated、囡兒大細 dated
    Suzhou 囡兒
    Hangzhou 女兒
    Wenzhou 奶兒
    Chongming 丫頭
    Danyang 女兒
    Jinhua 囡兒
    Ningbo 囡
    Xiang Changsha 女、妹子
    Shuangfeng 女
    Loudi 女
    Quanzhou 女崽
    CompoundsEdit
    Derived terms from 女

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Rime
    Character 女
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 娘 (12)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 尼據切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɳɨʌH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɳiɔH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/niɔH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɳɨə̆H/
    Li
    Rong         		/niɔH/
    Wang
    Li         		/nĭoH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ni̯woH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		nǜ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 女
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nǜ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nrjoH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nraʔ-s/
    English give as a wife

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 女
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 9618
    Phonetic
    component         		女
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		女
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nas/
    DefinitionsEdit

    女

    1. † to give one's daughter in marriage; to give as wife

    Etymology 2Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 女 – see 汝 (“you”).
    (This character, 女, is a variant form of 汝.)

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    女

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    女
    おみな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. /womi1na/ invalid IPA characters (1) → /womina/ → /omina/. The initial /wo/ expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with /o/ "grown, old" (as in 嫗 (omina) "old woman"). The medial /mi/ is cognate with 女 (me, “female, woman”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    女 (hiragana おみな, rōmaji omina, historical hiragana をみな)

    1. (archaic) a young woman
    2. (archaic) a woman

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    女
    おんな
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From earlier /womina/: /womina/ → /woɴna/ → /oɴna/.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    女 (hiragana おんな, rōmaji onna, historical hiragana をんな)

    1. a woman
      • 1999 July 5, “斬ざん首しゅの美び女じょ [The Beheading Beauty]”, in BOOSTER 3 (in Japanese), Konami:
        その美 (び)貌 (ぼう)とはうらはらに、カタナで数 (かず)多 (おお)くの首 (くち)をはねてきた女 (おんな)。
        Sono bibō to wa urahara ni, katana de kazuōku no kuchi o hanetekita onna.
        A lady who has decapitated a great many with her katana, which is in stark contrast to her beautiful appearance.
    Usage notesEdit

    This has superseded omina, and is now one of the standard Japanese words for woman.

    AntonymsEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    女
    め
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. /me1/ invalid IPA characters (1) → /me/

    PronunciationEdit

    Alternative formsEdit

    NounEdit

    女 (hiragana め, rōmaji me)

    1. female
    2. woman
    3. wife
    Usage notesEdit

    Used more in compounds than on its own.

    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    See alsoEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    女 (eumhun 계집 녀 (gyejip nyeo), South Korea 계집 여 (gyejip yeo))

    1. female, woman

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    女 (nữ)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReferencesEdit

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