女
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
女 (radical 38, 女+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 女 (V), four-corner 40400, composition ⿻𡿨丆(GJKV) or ⿻𡿨𠂇(HT))
- Kangxi radical #38, ⼥.
Derived charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
- め (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
- メ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 254, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6036
- Dae Jaweon: page 516, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1023, character 23
- Unihan data for U+5973
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 女 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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拿 | *rnaː |
拏 | *rnaː |
詉 | *rnaː |
蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
挐 | *rnaː, *na |
絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
呶 | *rnaːw |
怓 | *rnaːw |
帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
奴 | *naː |
砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
駑 | *naː |
孥 | *naː |
努 | *naːʔ |
弩 | *naːʔ |
怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
袽 | *na |
帤 | *na |
女 | *naʔ, *nas |
籹 | *naʔ |
恕 | *hnjas |
如 | *nja, *njas |
茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
洳 | *nja, *njas |
鴽 | *nja |
蕠 | *nja |
汝 | *njaʔ |
肗 | *njaʔ |
Pictogram (象形): a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side: enclosed area is remnant of left breast (character's left, depicted woman's right), while right breast has disappeared. Graphically cognate to 母 (mǔ, “mother”), which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts.
Etymology 1Edit
simp. and trad. |
女 | |
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alternative forms | 𠨰 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nja-ŋ/k (“woman”).
Pronunciation 2 is an exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
女
- woman; (only of humans in Standard Chinese) female
- daughter (Classifier: 個/个 c; 粒 c)
- (Cantonese) girl; young female (Classifier: 條/条 c; 班 c)
- (Cantonese, slang) girlfriend (Classifier: 條/条 c)
- (Cantonese, card games) queen (Classifier: 張/张 c; 隻/只 c)
- (astronomy) the Girl (a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle)
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
女
Etymology 2Edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 女 – see 汝 (“you”). (This character, 女, is a variant form of 汝.) |
ReferencesEdit
- “女”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: にょ (nyo, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)←ぢよ (dyo, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: にょう (nyō, Jōyō †)
- Kun: おんな (onna, 女, Jōyō)←をんな (wonna, historical)←をみな (womina, ancient); め (me, 女, Jōyō)
- Nanori: おな (ona); た (ta); つき (tsuki); な (na)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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女 |
おんな Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /womʉna/ → /wonːa/ → /onːa/
Shift from Old Japanese womina → omina (see below).
Now one of the standard Japanese words for "a woman".
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- a woman
- 1999 July 5, “斬首の美女 [The Beheading Beauty]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
- その美貌とはうらはらに、カタナで数多くの首をはねてきた女。
- Sono bibō to wa urahara ni, katana de kazuōku no kubi o hanetekita onna.
- A lady who has decapitated a great many with her katana, which is in stark contrast to her beautiful appearance.
- その美貌とはうらはらに、カタナで数多くの首をはねてきた女。
- Antonym: 男 (otoko)
- a wife
- a mistress, concubine
- a maid
- a prostitute
- a woman's appearance or quality
- a feminine object
- the object in a pairing which is smaller, gentler, etc. than the other
- (vulgar) girlfriend
Derived termsEdit
IdiomsEdit
ProverbsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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女 |
おみな Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /omina/
From Old Japanese.[3]
The initial /wo/ expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with /o/ "grown, old" (as in 嫗 (omina, “old woman”)), while the medial /mi/ is cognate with 女 (me, “female, woman”, see below). According to Frellesvig (2010), proto-Japonic /e/ became Old Japanese [je] in final position and [i] elsewhere; analogous with PJ /o/, which became OJ [wo] in final position and [u] elsewhere (though PJ /i/ and /u/ also existed, confer Old Japanese 火's two readings /po/ & /pu/ in Western & Eastern Old Japanese, respectively (Vovin, 2017)).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a female given name
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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女 |
め Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨me1⟩ → */mʲe/ → /me/
From Old Japanese,[4][5] from Proto-Japonic *mya.
Appears to be distinct from 目 (⟨me2⟩ → me, “eye”).
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
- a woman
- Antonym: 男 (o)
- a wife
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)[6]
- ...女の女にあづけてやしなはす。
- ...me no onna ni azukete yashinawasu.
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- ...女の女にあづけてやしなはす。
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)[6]
- a female
Usage notesEdit
Used more in compounds than on its own.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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女 |
Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /womʉna/ → /woũna/ → /woːna/ → /oːna/
Variant shift from Old Japanese womina → omina (see above).
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
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女 |
Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
/wonːa/ → /wona/ → /ona/
Shift from onna (see above).
NounEdit
Etymology 6Edit
Kanji in this term |
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女 |
Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
/wona/ → /wonaː/ → /onaː/
Long-pronounced form of ona (see above).
NounEdit
Etymology 7Edit
Kanji in this term |
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女 |
じょ Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
/dɨo/ → /d͡ʑo/
From Middle Chinese 女 (MC ɳɨʌX, ɳɨʌH).
NounEdit
- a woman, especially an actress or a prostitute
Proper nounEdit
- (Chinese astronomy) the Girl constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
SuffixEdit
- (historical) suffixed to names of female figures in the Edo period
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ womina at OxFord-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ mye at OxFord-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
- ^ Horiuchi, Hideaki; Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Chinese 女 (MC ɳɨʌX, ɳɨʌH). Recorded as Middle Korean 녀 (Yale: nye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
女 (eumhun 계집 녀 (gyejip nyeo), South Korea 계집 여 (gyejip yeo))
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Chinese 女 / 汝 (MC ȵɨʌX).
HanjaEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
女: Hán Việt readings: nữ (
女: Nôm readings: nợ[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], nữa[1][2][3][4][5][7], nữ[1][2][6][4][7], nỡ[1][2][3][6], nớ[3][6][4][5], nhỡ[1][3][6], lỡ[2][3][6], nửa[1][3], nhớ[1], nự[3]
- Hán tự form of nữ (“female”).
- Hán tự form of nhữ (“(obsolete) you”).
- Nôm form of nợ (“debt; to owe”).
- Nôm form of nữa (“more; further”).
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Nguyễn (2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Trần (2004).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Bonet (1899).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Génibrel (1898).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Hồ (1976).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).