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女

女 U+5973, 女
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5973
← 奲
[U+5972]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 奴 →
[U+5974]
女 U+F981, 女
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F981
← 呂
[U+F980]		 CJK Compatibility Ideographs 廬 →
[U+F982]
See also: タ, ヌ, ㄆ, ㄡ, 又, 夂, 夊, 夕, 支, 攴, 攵, 文, 歹, 歺, 𡚦, and 𠨰

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

 
See images of
Radical 38 女

女 (radical 38 女+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 女 (V), four-corner 40400)

  1. Kangxi radical #38, ⼥ (“woman”).

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 254, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6036
  • Dae Jaweon: page 516, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1023, character 23
  • Unihan data for U+5973

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 女
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
拿 *rnaː
拏 *rnaː
詉 *rnaː
蒘 *rnaː, *na
笯 *rnaː, *naː, *naːs
挐 *rnaː, *na
絮 *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
呶 *rnaːw
怓 *rnaːw
帑 *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
奴 *naː
砮 *naː, *naːʔ
駑 *naː
孥 *naː
努 *naːʔ
弩 *naːʔ
怒 *naːʔ, *naːs
袽 *na
帤 *na
女 *naʔ, *nas
籹 *naʔ
恕 *hnjas
如 *nja, *njas
茹 *nja, *njaʔ, *njas
洳 *nja, *njas
鴽 *nja
蕠 *nja
汝 *njaʔ
肗 *njaʔ

Pictogram (象形): a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side: enclosed area is remnant of left breast (character's left, depicted woman's right), while right breast has disappeared. Graphically cognate to 母 (mǔ, “mother”), which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts.

Etymology 1Edit

simp. and trad.
 女
alt. forms 𠨰

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • neoi5-2 - “daughter; girlfriend; girl”;
  • neoi5-1 - “queen”.
Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • lú - more common.
  • Zhangzhou:
    • lí - more common.
  • Quanzhou:
    • lír - more common;
    • lú - colloquial variant.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 女
Mandarin Beijing /ny²¹⁴/
Harbin /ny²¹³/
Tianjin /nuei¹³/
/ny¹³/
Jinan /ȵy⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ny⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ny⁵³/
Xi'an /ny⁵³/
Xining /mji⁵³/
Yinchuan /ny⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵy⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ȵy⁵¹/
Wuhan /y⁴²/
Chengdu /ȵy⁵³/
Guiyang /ni⁴²/
Kunming /ni⁵³/
Nanjing /ly²¹²/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ny⁵³/
Pingyao /nzz̩ʷ⁵³/ ～子
/ȵy⁵³/ ～貓
Hohhot /ny⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵy²³/
Suzhou /ȵy³¹/
Hangzhou /nz̩ʷ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ȵy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ny³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵy²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵy⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ȵy⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵy²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /n̩³¹/
Taoyuan /ŋ̍³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nøy²³/
Nanning /ny²⁴/
Hong Kong /nøy¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lu⁵³/
/li⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ny³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ny²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /nɯŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /nu²¹³/
Rime
Character 女
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 娘 (12)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 尼吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɳɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɳiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /niɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɳɨə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /niɔX/
Wang
Li		 /nĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ni̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nǚ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 女
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nǚ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nrjoX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nraʔ/
English female

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 女
Reading # 1/2
No. 9616
Phonetic
component		 女
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*naʔ/
DefinitionsEdit

女

  1. woman
    Antonyms: 男 (nán)
    女人  ―  nǚrén  ―  woman
    女的  ―  nǚde  ―  woman; female
  2. (for people) female
    ⇒ 母, 雌
    一個女演員 / 一个女演员  ―  yī ge nǚ yǎnyuán  ―  an actress
    一個女士兵 / 一个女士兵  ―  yī ge nǚ shìbīng  ―  a female soldier
  3. daughter (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
    女兒 / 女儿  ―  nǚér  ―  daughter
    佢係我個女。 / 佢系我个女。 [Cantonese]  ―  Keoi5 hai6 ngo5 go3 neoi5-2. [Jyutping]  ―  She's my daughter.
  4. (Cantonese) girl; young female (Classifier: 條／条 c; 班 c)
    靚女 / 靓女 [Cantonese]  ―  leng3 neoi5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  pretty girl
  5. (Cantonese, slang) girlfriend (Classifier: 條／条 c)
  6. (Cantonese, card games) queen (Classifier: 張／张 c; 隻／只 c)
  7. (astronomy) The Girl, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle.
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 女兒 (“daughter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 女
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 女兒
Mandarin Beijing 女兒、女花兒、閨女、姑娘、丫頭
Taiwan 女兒
Tianjin 女兒、閨女
Harbin 女兒、姑娘、閨女、閨娘、丫頭
Shenyang 姑娘、丫頭
Jinan 閨女
Muping 閨娘、閨娘子、女兒
Jiedian 女子
Xi'an 女、女兒
Xining 姑娘、丫頭
Xuzhou 女兒、閨女
Yinchuan 女兒、丫頭
Lanzhou 女兒
Ürümqi 女兒、丫頭
Wuhan 姑娘、丫頭
Chengdu 女兒、女、姑娘兒
Guiyang 姑娘、女娃娃、女娃兒、幺女、幺姑娘、小丫頭、小姑娘
Liuzhou 女、丫頭
Kunming 囡兒、姑娘
Yangzhou 女兒、姑娘
Nanjing 女兒、姑娘
Hefei 女兒、丫頭
Nantong 丫頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 女
Hong Kong 女、女女
Dongguan 女
Taishan 女
Yangjiang 桓仔
Gan Nanchang 女、姑娘
Lichuan 女
Pingxiang 女、妹仔
Hakka Meixian 妹仔
Xingning 妹哩
Huidong 妹仔
Qujiang 妹子
Xiaosanjiang 妹仔
Changting 妹子
Pingyu 妹子
Wuping 妹子
Liancheng 妹子娘
Ninghua 女
Yudu 女、女子
Ruijin 女、女子
Shicheng 女
Shangyou 女
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 妹仔、妹子
Liudui (S. Sixian) 妹仔、妹子
Hsinchu (Hailu) 妹仔、妹子
Dongshi (Dabu) 妹、妹子
Zhuolan (Raoping) 妹仔、妹子
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 阿女
Huizhou Jixi 女
Jin Taiyuan 閨女、妮子
Xinzhou 閨女
Min Bei Jian'ou 阿娘囝
Min Dong Fuzhou 諸娘囝
Min Nan Xiamen 查某囝、查某仔
Quanzhou 查某仔
Zhangzhou 查某仔
Taipei 查某囝
Kaohsiung 查某囡仔
Tainan 查某囝
Taichung 查某囝
Hsinchu 查某囝
Lukang 查某囝
Sanxia 查某囝
Yilan 查某囝
Kinmen 查某囡仔
Magong 查某囝
Penang 查某囝、查某仔
Singapore 查某囝
Chaozhou 走囝
Haikou 查某囝、查囝
Pinghua Nanning 女
Wu Shanghai 囡兒、女小囡
Suzhou 囡兒
Hangzhou 女兒
Wenzhou 奶兒
Chongming 丫頭
Danyang 女兒
Jinhua 囡兒
Ningbo 囡
Xiang Changsha 女、妹子
Shuangfeng 女
Loudi 女
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 女

Pronunciation 2Edit

Rime
Character 女
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 娘 (12)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 尼據切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɳɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɳiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /niɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɳɨə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /niɔH/
Wang
Li		 /nĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ni̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nǜ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 女
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 nǜ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nrjoH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nraʔ-s/
English give as a wife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 女
Reading # 2/2
No. 9618
Phonetic
component		 女
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 女
Old
Chinese		 /*nas/
DefinitionsEdit

女

  1. † to give one's daughter in marriage; to give as wife

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 女 – see 汝 (“you”).
(This character, 女, is a variant form of 汝.)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

女

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
女
おみな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. /womi1na/ invalid IPA characters (1) → /womina/ → /omina/. The initial /wo/ expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with /o/ "grown, old" (as in 嫗 (omina) "old woman"). The medial /mi/ is cognate with 女 (me, “female, woman”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

女 (hiragana おみな, rōmaji omina, historical hiragana をみな)

  1. (archaic) a young woman
  2. (archaic) a woman

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
女
おんな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From earlier /womina/: /womina/ → /woɴna/ → /oɴna/.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

女 (hiragana おんな, rōmaji onna, historical hiragana をんな)

  1. a woman
Usage notesEdit

This has superseded omina, and is now one of the standard Japanese words for woman.

AntonymsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
女
め
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. /me1/ invalid IPA characters (1) → /me/

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

女 (hiragana め, rōmaji me)

  1. female
  2. woman
  3. wife
Usage notesEdit

Used more in compounds than on its own.

Derived termsEdit
Derived terms

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

女 • (nyeo>yeo)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 녀>여
    • Name (hangeul): 계집 (revised: gyejip, McCune-Reischauer: kyejip, Yale: kyeycip)
  1. female, woman

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

女 (nữ, nữa, lỡ, nhỡ, nớ, nợ, nỡ, nự, như, nhương)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

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