小禮

Chinese

Etymology 1

		small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young	gift; propriety; rite
trad. (小禮)		小	禮
simp. (小礼)		小	礼

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiǎolǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄌㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): siu² lai⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎolǐ [Phonetic: xiáolǐ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄌㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siǎolǐ
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao³-li³
    • Yale: syǎu-lǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaulii
    • Palladius: сяоли (sjaoli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: siu² lai⁵
    • Yale: síu láih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: siu² lai⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: xiu² lei⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯³⁵ lɐi̯¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: sjewX lejX

Rime
Character	小	禮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	私兆切	盧啓切
Baxter	sjewX	lejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇuX/	/leiX/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛuX/	/leiX/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæuX/	/lɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siawX/	/lɛjX/
Li Rong	/siɛuX/	/leiX/
Wang Li	/sĭɛuX/	/lieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛuX/	/lieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎo	lǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu2	lai5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ  [r]ˤijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ  riːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	小	禮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎo	lǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ sjewX ›	‹ lejX ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ewʔ/	/*[r]ˁijʔ/
English	small	propriety, ceremony
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	小	禮
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13705	7839
Phonetic component	小	豊
Rime group	宵	脂
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	小	禮
Old Chinese	/*smewʔ/	/*riːʔ/
Notes	甲金文象沙而指小， 指事字

Noun

小禮

1. (Classical) a kind of ritual performed during a sacrifice
2. (Classical) minor rites
3. (literary) additional gift

Etymology 2

		small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young	gift; propriety; rite
trad. (小禮)		小	禮
simp. (小礼)		小	礼
alternative forms		少禮／少礼 Eastern Min 小理 Teochew

Pronunciation

• Eastern Min (BUC): siēu-lā̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siáu-lé

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siou² li² / siao² li²

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• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siēu-lā̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu³³⁻³⁵ l̃ɛ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-lé
    • Tâi-lô: siáu-lé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siawlea
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ le⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siou² li² / siao² li²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sióu lí / siáu lí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siou⁵²⁻³⁵ li⁵²/, /siau⁵²⁻³⁵ li⁵²⁻²¹/

Note:

• siou2 li2 - Chaozhou;
• siao2 li2 - Shantou, Jieyang, Pontianak.

Verb

小禮

1. (Eastern Min, Teochew) to be embarrassed; to be shy
2. (Eastern Min) to embarrass
3. (Eastern Min) to be ashamed
4. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to blush (due to embarrassment)

Synonyms

• (to be shy):

Dialectal synonyms of 害羞 (“to be shy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		害羞
Mandarin	Beijing	害臊, 靦腆
	Taiwan	害羞, 靦腆
	Jinan	害臊, 靦腆
	Xi'an	害羞
	Wuhan	怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情
	Chengdu	怕羞, 怕醜
	Yangzhou	怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情
	Hefei	怕醜, 怕難為情, 難為情
	Malaysia	害羞
	Singapore	害羞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	怕醜
	Hong Kong	怕醜
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	怕醜
	Macau	怕醜
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	怕醜
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	怕醜
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	怕醜
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	怕醜
	Foshan	怕醜
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	怕醜
	Foshan (Shunde)	怕醜
	Foshan (Sanshui)	怕醜
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	怕醜
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	怕醜
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	怕醜
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	怕醜
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	怕醜
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	怕醜
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	怕醜
	Taishan	怕醜
	Kaiping (Chikan)	怕醜
	Enping (Niujiang)	怕醜
	Heshan (Yayao)	怕醜
	Dongguan	怕醜
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	怕醜
	Yangjiang	怕醜
Gan	Nanchang	著羞
Hakka	Meixian	怕羞, 畏羞
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	怕醜
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	畏羞
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	畏羞
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	怕醜
	Conghua (Lütian)	怕醜
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	驚見笑
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	驚見笑
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	驚見笑
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	驚見笑
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	驚見笑
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	驚見笑
Jin	Taiyuan	害羞
Northern Min	Jian'ou	伓好意思
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	小禮
Southern Min	Xiamen	見笑, 驚見笑, 歹勢, 驚歹勢, 畏小禮, 畏小人, 閉思, 覕䟙
	Quanzhou	見笑, 驚見笑, 歹勢, 驚歹勢, 閉思
	Zhangzhou	見笑, 驚見笑, 䆀勢, 驚䆀勢, 無藝, 驚無藝, 畏小禮, 閉思
	Penang (Hokkien)	歹勢
	Singapore (Hokkien)	歹勢
	Manila (Hokkien)	歹勢
	Chaozhou	小禮
	Shantou	小禮
	Jieyang	小禮, 畏小禮
	Pontianak (Teochew)	小禮
	Leizhou	細禮
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	驚畏醜
Wu	Shanghai	難為情
	Suzhou	難為情, 怕難為情
	Wenzhou	得人憎
Xiang	Changsha	怕醜
	Shuangfeng	怕醜

• (to blush):

• 發紅／发红 (fāhóng)
• 羞赧 (xiūnǎn) (literary, due to embarrassment)
• 臉紅／脸红 (liǎnhóng)
• 赧顏／赧颜 (nǎnyán) (literary, due to embarrassment)
• 酡顏／酡颜 (to get drunk)

 

Derived terms

• 小禮草／小礼草
• 畏小禮／畏小礼