See also:
U+79AE, 禮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79AE

[U+79AD]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+79AF]
U+F9B6, 禮
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B6

[U+F9B5]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9B7]

Translingual

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Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Alternative forms

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In Traditional Chinese, the component on the left of U+79AE is . In Korean hanja and Japanese kyūjitai, the component on the left of U+79AE is rather than , which is also the historical form that appears in the Kangxi dictionary. A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+F9B6 to reflect the form found in the Kangxi dictionary.

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 113, +13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 戈火廿田廿 (IFTWT), four-corner 35218, composition (GHTV) or (JK or U+F9B6))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 847, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1268, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2409, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+79AE

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *riːʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : semantic (altar) + phonetic (OC *riːʔ, ceremony) – performing rites at the altar.

Originally written , see there for more.

Etymology

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Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) proposes that this is an old areal etymon. Compare Tibetan ཞེ་ས (zhe sa, respect, honor, deference), རྗེ་བོ (rje bo, lord, nobleman), རྗེད (rjed, to honor; reverence); Mru [script needed] (ri, ritual) is possibly borrowed from Austroasiatic (cf. Mon [script needed] (rèh seh, to respect, to revere); Thin Khmu [script needed] (rɛh, to lift up); both from Proto-Mon-Khmer *reh (to raise up, to exalt)).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lài - vernacular;
  • lǐ - literary.
Note:
  • loi2 - vernacular;
  • li2 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter lejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/leiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/leiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɛjX/
Li
Rong
/leiX/
Wang
Li
/lieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lai5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ lejX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]ˁijʔ/
English propriety, ceremony

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 7839
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*riːʔ/

Definitions

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  1. ritual; rite; ceremony
      ―  hūn  ―  wedding
      ―  sāng  ―  funeral
  2. rules of etiquette; rules of propriety
  3. courtesy; etiquette; manners
      ―  jìng  ―  to salute
    多人不怪多人不怪  ―  duōrénbùguài  ―  nobody will find fault with extra courtesy
  4. present; gift (Classifier: m c)
      ―    ―  gift
  5. to treat with respect and courtesy
    敬賢敬贤  ―  jìngxiánshì  ―  to treat worthies and intellectuals respectfully and courteously
  6. 48th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "ritual" (𝌵)
  7. a surname

Usage notes

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Usually, a single () refers to a gift that involves more serious social interaction. For gifts between friends, 禮物礼物 (lǐwù) is used instead.

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. Kyūjitai form of (propriety; courtesy; politeness; etiquette)

Readings

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  • Go-on: らい (rai)
  • Kan-on: れい (rei)
  • Nanori: ひろ (hiro) (re)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC lejX).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 례도/예도 (ryedo/yedo rye), word-initial (South Korea) 례도/예도 (ryedo/yedo ye))

  1. hanja form? of / (manners; etiquette)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: lễ (()(đệ)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: lễ[1][2][4], lạy[3][5], lẻ[1][3][5][4], lẫy[2][3][5][4], rẽ[2][3], rẩy[2][5], lẩy[3][5], lãi[3][4], lể[5][4], lởi[3], lỡi[3], lấy[3], lảy[4], rẻ[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of lễ (ritual; etiquette; to kowtow; an offering; ceremony).
  2. Nôm form of lạy (to kowtow).
  3. Nôm form of lẻ (odd (not divisible by two)).

References

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