U+4E8B, 事
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8B

[U+4E8A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E8C]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 6, +7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中中弓 (JLLN), four-corner 50007, composition ⿻⿱𠮛)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 85, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 241
  • Dae Jaweon: page 174, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 23, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E8B

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. ⿱㇋丶
alternative forms

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
                         





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意): (hand) + (flag or hunting weapon) – flag or hunting weapon in hand > to perform one's job. Compare , .

EtymologyEdit

Exopassive of (OC *zrɯʔ, “to give or carry out an assignment; to serve”), literally “what has been assigned” (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, based on Gong (2000), STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-dzas (thing), whence Burmese စာ (ca, thing) and Tibetan རྫས (rdzas, thing, object, matter).

Pronunciation 1Edit


Note: se/sê4 - “work”.
Note:
  • dī, si̿ - vernacular;
  • sū - literary.
  • Min Dong
  • Note:
    • sê̤ṳ - literary;
    • dâi - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • sū/sīr/sǐr/sī - literary;
    • tāi - vernacular (usually written (dài)).
    Note:
    • se6 - “to serve”;
    • dai7 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
  • Note:
    • sr5 - vernacular;
    • sr4 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Tianjin /sz̩⁵³/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹/
    Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹²/
    Xi'an /sz̩⁴⁴/
    Xining /sz̩²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Ürümqi /sz̩²¹³/
    Wuhan /sz̩³⁵/
    Chengdu /sz̩¹³/
    Guiyang /sz̩²¹³/
    Kunming /sz̩²¹²/
    Nanjing /sz̩⁴⁴/
    Hefei /sz̩⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /sz̩⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /sz̩³⁵/
    Hohhot /sz̩⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
    Suzhou /zz̩³¹/
    Hangzhou /zz̩¹³/
    Wenzhou /zz̩²²/
    Hui Shexian /sz̩²²/
    Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /sz̩⁵⁵/
    /sz̩¹¹/
    Xiangtan /sz̩²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /sz̩²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁵³/
    Taoyuan /sï⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /si²²/
    Nanning /sz̩²²/
    Hong Kong /si²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /su²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su⁴⁴/
    /si³³/
    /ti⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /sɯ³¹/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /si³³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (20)
    Final () (19)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /d͡ʒɨH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɖ͡ʐɨH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /d͡ʒieH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɖ͡ʐɨH/
    Li
    Rong
    /d͡ʒiəH/
    Wang
    Li
    /d͡ʒĭəH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɖ͡ʐʱiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zhì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zi6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shì
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dzriH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[m-s-]rəʔ-s/
    English serve; service, affair

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 11486
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*zrɯs/
    Notes

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. thing; matter (Classifier: m c;  m)
      唔係 [Cantonese, trad.]
      唔系 [Cantonese, simp.]
      m4 hai6 me1 daai6 gin6 si6 [Jyutping]
      is not anything terribly important (lit. "is not any sort of large matter")
      到底 [Cantonese, trad.]
      到底 [Cantonese, simp.]
      dou3 dai2 hai6 me1 wui4 si6 aa3? [Jyutping]
      What happened? / Exactly what is happening? (lit. "Exactly what matter is it?")
    2. task; work; job; career
    3. misfortune; mishap; accident; incident
        ―  shì  ―  to cause trouble
      [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 mou5 si6 zau6 hou2. [Jyutping]  ―  I am glad to see that you are fine.
    4. responsibility; involvement
      這裡这里  ―  Zhèlǐ méi nǐ de shì.  ―  You have no business here.
      [Cantonese]  ―  m4 gwaan1 ngo5 si6 gaa3 [Jyutping]  ―  It has nothing to do with me!
    5. (dialectal Hakka, Min Bei, Min Zhong) speech; words; language
      建甌建瓯 [Min Bei]  ―  Gṳ̿ing-é- [Kienning Colloquial Romanized]  ―  Jian'ou dialect
    6. (literary) to serve; to attend to someone
    7. to be engaged in
      生產生产  ―  shì shēngchǎn  ―  to lead an idle life
    8. (Beijing, erhua-ed) fussy; pernickety; troublesome
        ―  Tā zhè rén tè shìr.  ―  He is a very fussy person.
    9. 27th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "duties" (𝌠)
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ji)
    • Korean: 사(事) (sa)
    • Vietnamese: sự ()

    Pronunciation 2Edit



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (18)
    Final () (19)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡ʃɨH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʈ͡ʂɨH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡ʃieH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʈ͡ʂɨH/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡ʃiəH/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡ʃĭəH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʈ͡ʂiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zhì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zi3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11485
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔsrɯs/
    Notes

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. Alternative form of (, “to establish”).
    2. Alternative form of (, “to stab”).

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    As an alternative form of and :

    CompoundsEdit

    • (ji, matters; affairs) occur in a few compounds that were originally about the matters or affairs themselves, or an action upon those matters or affairs, but evolved into referring to the person doing something to the matters or affairs.

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    こと
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    こと
    [noun] broadly, any abstract thing, affair, matter, or fact
    [noun] a thing, occasion, circumstances, detail, particular
    [noun] act of (word used for the nominalization of verbs, adjectives, or phrases)
    [noun] (by extension) experience, having been or done (used with ある (aru, have, possess))
    [noun] event of special importance: affair, something, incident, case, occurrence, trouble
    [noun] business matters, affairs, business, work, duty
    [noun] Used as a nominalizer for precepts.
    [noun] It is said that; I've heard that (used with とのこと)
    [noun] Used to introduce aliases/stage names.
    [noun] This term needs a translation to English.
    Alternative spellings
    , , ,
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 3
    goon

    From Middle Chinese. It seems the reading is from (MC d͡ʒɨH, “to establish; to stab”), while the meaning is from (MC t͡ʃɨH, “thing, matter; task, job”).

    PronunciationEdit

    AffixEdit

    () (ji

    1. thing
    2. work; job; business
    3. to serve; to work for

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese (MC d͡ʒɨH).

    Historical readings

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (il sa))

    1. Hanja form? of (thing; matter).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Việt readings: sự[1][2][3][4][5]
    : Nôm readings: sự[1][2][4][6], [3]

    1. chữ Hán form of sự (deed; act; occurrence).
    2. Nôm form of (to leak out, to escape).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit