形容詞

See also: 形容词

Chinese

		to describe; facial appearance; looks to describe; facial appearance; looks; countenance	word; phrase; classical Chinese poem
trad. (形容詞)		形容	詞
simp. (形容词)		形容	词

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xíngróngcí

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄘˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing⁴ jung⁴ ci⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen³ yuung³ lhu³

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-iông-sû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xíngróngcí
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄘˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síngróngcíh
    • Wade–Giles: hsing²-jung²-tzʻŭ²
    • Yale: syíng-rúng-tsź
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngrongtsyr
    • Palladius: синжунцы (sinžuncy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁴ jung⁴ ci⁴
    • Yale: yìhng yùhng chìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ jung⁴ tsi⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ yung⁴ qi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ jʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yen³ yuung³ lhu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen²² jɵŋ²² ɬu²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-iông-sû
    • Tâi-lô: hîng-iông-sû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heng'iongsuu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

Noun

形容詞

1. (grammar) adjective

Derived terms

• 指示形容詞／指示形容词 (zhǐshì xíngróngcí)
• 關係形容詞／关系形容词 (guānxì xíngróngcí)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
形	容	詞
けい Grade: 2	よう Grade: 5	し Grade: 6
kan'on

Etymology

From 形容 (keiyō, “description; form”) +‎ 詞 (-shi, “word; part of speech”).

First cited to 1870.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けーよーし [kèéyóꜜòshì] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ːjo̞ːɕi]

Noun

形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) • (keiyōshi) 

1. [from 1870] (grammar) an -i adjective: specific to Japanese grammar, an adjective with an attributive form that ends in い (​-i)
2. [after 1870] (grammar) (more generally, such as in another language) an adjective

   形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)の格(かく)変(へん)化(か)

   keiyōshi no kakuhenka

   adjectival declension

   所(しょ)有(ゆう)形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)

   shoyū keiyōshi

   a possessive adjective

   フランス語(ご)の形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)及(およ)び名(めい)詞(し)は、男(だん)性(せい)形(けい)と女(じょ)性(せい)形(けい)がある。

   Furansu-go no keiyōshi oyobi meishi wa, danseikei to joseikei ga aru.

   French adjectives and nouns have masculine and feminine forms.

Usage notes

In Japanese grammar, 形容詞 is a specific class of 用言 (yōgen, “inflectable words”), with a specific inflection. Historically, they include words whose 終止形 (shūshikei, “final form”) ends with し and whose 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) ends with き. In standard modern Japanese, they only include words whose both forms end with い (hence the alternate name "-i adjective"). Other endings occur in dialects. These contrast with other classes of words with adjectival functions, such as 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjectives”, literally “adjectival verbs”), 連体詞 (rentaishi, “adnominals”), and attributive nouns.

See also

• ク活用 (ku katsuyō, “-ku conjugation”)
• シク活用 (ku katsuyō, “-shiku conjugation”)
• 第一形容詞 (daiichi keiyōshi, “-ku conjugation adjectives”)
• 第二形容詞 (daini keiyōshi, “-shiku conjugation adjectives”)
• 補助形容詞 (hojo keiyōshi, “auxiliary adjective”)
• Category:Japanese い-i adjectives

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
形	容	詞

Noun

形容詞 • (hyeongyongsa) (hangeul 형용사)

1. Hanja form^? of 형용사 (“adjective”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
形	容	詞

Noun

形容詞

1. chữ Hán form of hình dung từ (“adjective”).