Translingual
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Glyph origin
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Etymology
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First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996).
Contraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.].
Pronunciation
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- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zam2, zaam2, dim2
- Yale: jám, jáam, dím
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzam2, dzaam2, dim2
- Guangdong Romanization: zem2, zam2, dim2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐm³⁵/, /t͡saːm³⁵/, /tiːm³⁵/
Note:
- zam2 - literary;
- zaam2 - literary (rare);
- dim2 - vernacular (most likely unrelated), more commonly written as 點.
Note:
- ciōng - vernacular (also written as 蔣);
- cīng - literary.
Note:
- chóaⁿ/chài/cháiⁿ/chá/chóa/chái - vernacular;
- chím/chérm - literary.
Definitions
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怎
- how; why
- what
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of
怎麼 (“how”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
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| Classical Chinese
|
何, 如何
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| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
怎麼
|
| Mandarin
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Beijing
|
怎麼
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| Taiwan
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怎麼
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| Jinan
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怎麼
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| Xi'an
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咋, 咋樣兒
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| Wuhan
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麼, 麼樣, 哪樣
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| Chengdu
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咋, 咋個, 啷個
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| Chongqing
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啷個
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| Yangzhou
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井幹
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| Hefei
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怎樣, 怎
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| Singapore
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怎麼
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| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
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咋, 咋的個, 咋麼, 咋麼個
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| Cantonese
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Guangzhou
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點, 點樣
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| Hong Kong
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點, 點樣
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| Taishan
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幾何
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| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
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點
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| Singapore (Guangfu)
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點
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| Gan
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Nanchang
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啷, 啷樣
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| Hakka
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Meixian
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仰般, 仰仔
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| Wuhua (Meilin)
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仰般
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| Heyuan (Bendihua)
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仰來
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| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
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仰般, 仰仔
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| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
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仰仔
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| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
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仰般
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| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
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仰脣, 仰
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| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
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仰般, 仰般形
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| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
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仰子
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| Huizhou
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Jixi
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采翹
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| Jin
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Taiyuan
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咋, 咋底
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| Eastern Min
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Fuzhou
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怎怎, 怎, 怎其
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| Fuqing
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安難, 怎生
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| Singapore (Fuqing)
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安難
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| Southern Min
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Xiamen
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按怎, 怎影
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| Taipei
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按怎
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| Penang (Hokkien)
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按怎
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| Singapore (Hokkien)
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按怎
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| Manila (Hokkien)
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障仔, 按怎, 怎
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| Chaozhou
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在生, 乜生, 做呢, 做物
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| Raoping
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做呢
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| Shantou
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做呢
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| Jieyang
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做呢
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| Haifeng
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做呢
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| Singapore (Teochew)
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做呢, 做物
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| Batam (Teochew)
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做呢物, 做物
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| Wenchang
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怎作, 作乜
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| Haikou
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咋作
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| Singapore (Hainanese)
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怎作
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| Wu
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Shanghai
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哪能
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| Suzhou
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捺亨
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| Ningbo
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咋, 咋貌, 咋貌介
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| Wenzhou
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訾那, 訾那能
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| Xiang
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Changsha
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何什, 何裡
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| Shuangfeng
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麼家
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Compounds
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References
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Japanese
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怎
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
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Etymology 1
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| For pronunciation and definitions of 怎 – see the following entry.
|
|
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| (This term, 怎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
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Etymology 2
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| For pronunciation and definitions of 怎 – see the following entry.
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| 【どう】
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- [adverb] in what manner, how
- [adverb] what about... (used to make a suggestion)
- [interjection] Casual greeting: Howdy? What's new? What's up?
- [interjection] Casual question: It works? Is it OK?
- [interjection] Call out to horses or cows to control/stop them: Ho! Hoy! Whoa!
Alternative spellings如何, 怎う
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|
| (This term, 怎, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)
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Vietnamese
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Han character
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怎: Hán Nôm readings: chẩm, chẩn, tẩn, trẫm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
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