沙汰

Chinese

		granule; hoarse; raspy granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar	to discard; to eliminate; too
simp. and trad. (沙汰)		沙	汰

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shātài

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄚㄊㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹ taai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shātài
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄚㄊㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shatài
  - Wade–Giles: sha¹-tʻai⁴
  - Yale: shā-tài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shatay
  - Palladius: шатай (šataj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saa¹ taai³
  - Yale: sā taai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹ taai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sa¹ tai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵ tʰaːi̯³³/

Verb

沙汰

(archaic) to do away with; to abolish

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (沙汰):

→ Japanese: 沙汰(さた) (sata)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
沙	汰
さ Grade: S	た Grade: S
kan'on	kan'yōon

Etymology

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 沙汰 (MC srae|sraeH thajH, literally “sand + washing”). Originally referred to "washing away" (汰 (tài)) "sand" (沙) from something desirable.

First cited in Japanese to a text from 786.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さた [sàtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
(Tokyo) さた [sáꜜtà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [sa̠ta̠]

Noun

沙(さ)汰(た) • (sata)

washing away sand to obtain something desirable, such as gold dust or rice
by extension, a fine-grained or careful sorting out or selection of something or someone
deliberation of an issue and arriving at an appropriate outcome:
1. the proper disposal or treatment of an issue
2. a court case, a lawsuit, a trial
3. a public affair, something in the court of public opinion
a transmission of information:
1. an instruction or order
2. a notification
3. a reputation
4. a rumor
5. an action, event, or matter worth talking about: how things shake out
(in compounds) incident
警察(けいさつ)沙汰(ざた)
keisatsu-zata
an incident in which one has called the police

暴力(ぼうりょく)沙汰(ざた)
bōryoku-zata
violent incident

Synonyms

(careful selection): 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta)
(discussion, deliberation): 検討(けんとう) (kentō), 論(ろん)議(ぎ) (rongi), 評(ひょう)議(ぎ) (hyōgi)
(court case): 裁判(さいばん) (saiban)
(lawsuit): 訴(そ)訟(しょう) (soshō)
(public affair): 公(おおやけ)事(ごと) (ōyakegoto)
(instruction): 指(さし)図(ず) (sashizu)
(order): 指(し)令(れい) (shirei), 命令(めいれい) (meirei)
(notification): 報(ほう)知(ち) (hōchi), 通(つう)知(ち) (tsūchi), 便(たよ)り (tayori), 知(し)らせ (shirase)
(reputation): 評(ひょう)判(ばん) (hyōban)
(rumor): 噂(うわさ) (uwasa)
(action): 行(こう)為(い) (kōi)
(event, matter): 事柄(ことがら) (kotogara)

Derived terms

無沙汰(ぶさた) (busata)
- ご無沙汰(ぶさた) (go-busata)
  - ご無沙汰(ぶさた)しております (go-busata shite orimasu)
正(しょう)気(き)の沙汰(さた)でない (shōki no sata de nai)

Verb

沙(さ)汰(た)する • (sata suru) suru (stem 沙(さ)汰(た)し (sata shi), past 沙(さ)汰(た)した (sata shita))

to wash away sand to obtain something desirable, such as gold dust or rice
by extension, to carefully sort out or select something or someone
to deliberate on an issue and arrive at an appropriate outcome
to transmit information:
1. to give an instruction or order
2. to notify
3. to gossip, to spread rumors

Conjugation

Conjugation of "沙汰する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	沙汰し	さたし	sata shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	沙汰し	さたし	sata shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	沙汰する	さたする	sata suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	沙汰する	さたする	sata suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	沙汰すれ	さたすれ	sata sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	沙汰せよ¹ 沙汰しろ²	さたせよ¹ さたしろ²	sata seyo¹ sata shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	沙汰される	さたされる	sata sareru
Causative	沙汰させる沙汰さす	さたさせるさたさす	sata saseru sata sasu
Potential	沙汰できる	さたできる	sata dekiru
Volitional	沙汰しよう	さたしよう	sata shiyō
Negative	沙汰しない	さたしない	sata shinai
Negative continuative	沙汰せず	さたせず	sata sezu
Formal	沙汰します	さたします	sata shimasu
Perfective	沙汰した	さたした	sata shita
Conjunctive	沙汰して	さたして	sata shite
Hypothetical conditional	沙汰すれば	さたすれば	sata sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

(to select carefully): 淘(とう)汰(た) (tōta)
(to discuss, to deliberate): 検討(けんとう) (kentō), 論(ろん)議(ぎ) (rongi), 評(ひょう)議(ぎ) (hyōgi)
(to give an instruction): 指(さし)図(ず) (sashizu)
(to give an order): 指(し)令(れい) (shirei), 命令(めいれい) (meirei)
(to notify): 報(ほう)知(ち) (hōchi), 通(つう)知(ち) (tsūchi), 便(たよ)り (tayori), 知(し)らせ (shirase)
(to gossip): 噂(うわさ) (uwasa)

References

^ “沙汰”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ2-1] “沙汰”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]