命令

Chinese

		life; fate	make or cause to be; order; command make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable
trad. (命令)		命	令
simp. #(命令)		命	令

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mìnglìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min⁴ nin⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁶ ling⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): min-lin
• Jin (Wiktionary): ming³ ling³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bēng-lēng / bǐn-lǐn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng⁶ lêng⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶min-lin₆

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mìnglìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mìnglìng
    • Wade–Giles: ming⁴-ling⁴
    • Yale: mìng-lìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minqlinq
    • Palladius: минлин (minlin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: min⁴ nin⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: minlin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹³ nin²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ming⁶ ling⁶
    • Yale: mihng lihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁶ ling⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ming⁶ ling⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²² lɪŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: min-lin
    • Hakka Romanization System: min lin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: min⁴ lin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵ lin⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ming³ ling³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /mĩŋ⁴⁵ lĩŋ⁴⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng-lēng
    • Tâi-lô: bīng-līng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bexngleng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ liɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ liɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ liɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² liɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǐn-lǐn
    • Tâi-lô: bǐn-lǐn
    • IPA (Longyan): /bin⁵³⁻¹¹ lin⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mêng⁶ lêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mĕng lĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /meŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiaxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁶min-lin₆
    • MiniDict: min^去 lin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-lin₃
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² lin⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /min¹³ lin²¹/

Noun

命令

1. order; command; directive

   執行命令／执行命令  ―  zhíxíng mìnglìng  ―  to execute an order

   誰傳達的這道命令？ [MSC, trad.]
   谁传达的这道命令？ [MSC, simp.]

   Shéi chuándá de zhè dào mìnglìng? [Pinyin]

   Who passed on this order?

Synonyms

edit

• 上級給下級的指示／上级给下级的指示 (shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì)
• 令
• 指令 (zhǐlìng)
• 號令／号令 (hàolìng)
• 誡命／诫命 (jièmìng) (literary)

 

Verb

命令

1. to order; to command

Synonyms

edit

• 下令 (xiàlìng)
• 令
• 吩咐 (fēnfù)
• 指令 (zhǐlìng)
• 申令 (shēnlìng) (formal)
• 著令 (zhuólìng)
• 號令／号令 (hàolìng)
• 責令／责令 (zélìng)
• 責成／责成 (zéchéng)
• 飭令／饬令 (chìlìng) (dated, usually in official documents)

 

Derived terms

• 命令主義／命令主义 (mìnglìngzhǔyì)
• 命令句 (mìnglìngjù)
• 命令式
• 支付命令
• 法庭命令 (fǎtíng mìnglìng)
• 緊急命令／紧急命令
• 行政命令 (xíngzhèng mìnglìng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (命令):

• → Japanese: 命令(めいれい) (meirei)
• → Korean: 명령(命令) (myeongnyeong)
• → Vietnamese: mệnh lệnh (命令)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
命	令
めい Grade: 3	れい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) めーれー [mèéréé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [me̞ːɾe̞ː]

Noun

命(めい)令(れい) • (meirei) 

1. order, direction, instruction, commandment

   命令(めいれい)を受(う)ける

   meirei o ukeru

   to receive a command

   命令(めいれい)だ。

   Meirei da.

   It's an order.

   ご主人様(しゅじんさま)、ご命令(めいれい)を。

   Go-shujin-sama, go-meirei o.

   I await your orders, master.

2. decree from a court

Verb

命(めい)令(れい)する • (meirei suru) transitive suru (stem 命(めい)令(れい)し (meirei shi), past 命(めい)令(れい)した (meirei shita))

1. to order, to command

   Synonym: 命ずる

2. to issue a decree

Conjugation

Conjugation of "命令する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	命令し	めいれいし	meirei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	命令し	めいれいし	meirei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	命令する	めいれいする	meirei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	命令する	めいれいする	meirei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	命令すれ	めいれいすれ	meirei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	命令せよ¹ 命令しろ²	めいれいせよ¹ めいれいしろ²	meirei seyo¹ meirei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	命令される	めいれいされる	meirei sareru
Causative	命令させる 命令さす	めいれいさせる めいれいさす	meirei saseru meirei sasu
Potential	命令できる	めいれいできる	meirei dekiru
Volitional	命令しよう	めいれいしよう	meirei shiyō
Negative	命令しない	めいれいしない	meirei shinai
Negative continuative	命令せず	めいれいせず	meirei sezu
Formal	命令します	めいれいします	meirei shimasu
Perfective	命令した	めいれいした	meirei shita
Conjunctive	命令して	めいれいして	meirei shite
Hypothetical conditional	命令すれば	めいれいすれば	meirei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

• 命(めい)令(れい)法(ほう) (meireihō, “imperative mood”)

Related terms

• 指(さし)図(ず) (sashizu, “instruction”)
• 指(し)令(れい) (shirei, “order, command”)

 

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
命	令

Noun

命令 • (myeongnyeong) (hangeul 명령)

1. hanja form^? of 명령 (“order, command”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
命	令

Verb

命令

1. chữ Hán form of mệnh lệnh (“to command”).

Noun

命令

1. chữ Hán form of mệnh lệnh (“command; order”).