trial

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɹaɪəl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪəl
• Hyphenation: tri‧al

Etymology 1

From Middle English trial, triall, from Anglo-Norman trial, triel, from trier (“to pick out, cull”) + -al. More at English try.

Noun

trial (plural trials)

1. An opportunity to test something out; a test.

   They will perform the trials for the new equipment next week.

2. (medicine, sciences, research) A clinical trial, a research study.

   A randomized, controlled trial (RCT).

3. Appearance at judicial court in order to be examined.
4. A difficult or annoying experience, (especially religion) such an experience seen as a test of faith and piety

   That boy was a trial to his parents.

5. A tryout to pick members of a team.

   soccer trials

6. (ceramics) A piece of ware used to test the heat of a kiln.
7. (UK) An internal examination set by Eton College.

Translations

chance to test something out

• Armenian: փորձ (hy) (pʿorj), փորձարկում (hy) (pʿorjarkum)
• Azerbaijani: sınaq (az)
• Belarusian: выпрабава́нне n (vyprabavánnje), во́пыт (be) m (vópyt), про́ба f (próba), до́след m (dósljed), эксперыме́нт m (ekspjerymjént)
• Bulgarian: изпита́ние (bg) n (izpitánie), о́пит (bg) m (ópit), про́ба (bg) f (próba), изпро́бване (bg) n (izpróbvane)
• Catalan: prova (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 考驗／考验 (zh) (kǎoyàn), 試驗／试验 (zh) (shìyàn)

• Czech: zkouška (cs) f
• Danish: test (da) c
• Dutch: proef (nl) c, test (nl) c
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: koetus (fi), koe (fi), koestus (fi), testi (fi), testaus (fi), testaaminen (fi)
• French: essai (fr) m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Versuch (de) m, Prüfung (de) f, Probe (de) f
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 m (kustus)
• Greek: δοκιμή (el) f (dokimí)

  Ancient: πεῖρα f (peîra)

• Hebrew: ניסיון \ נִסָּיוֹן‎ (he) m (nisayón)
• Hungarian: próba (hu), teszt (hu), kísérlet (hu)
• Irish: tástáil f
• Italian: prova (it) f, test (it) m, cimento (it) m, rischio (it) m
• Japanese: 試験 (ja) (しけん, shiken), 試し (ja) (ためし, tameshi)
• Khmer: បរីក្សា (paʼreksaa)
• Korean: 시험(試驗) (ko) (siheom)
• Latin: periculum (la) n, experimentum n
• Malay: percubaan
• Malayalam: പരീക്ഷണം (ml) (parīkṣaṇaṃ)
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Plautdietsch: Proow f
• Polish: próba (pl) f, test (pl) m
• Portuguese: ensaio (pt) m, prova (pt) f, experiência (pt) f
• Russian: испыта́ние (ru) n (ispytánije), о́пыт (ru) m (ópyt), про́ба (ru) f (próba), экспериме́нт (ru) m (eksperimént)
• Sanskrit: परीक्षा (sa) f (parīkṣā)
• Scottish Gaelic: dearbhadh m
• Spanish: ensayo (es) m, prueba (es) f, experimento (es) m
• Swedish: test (sv) n
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: deney (tr)
• Ukrainian: випро́бування n (vypróbuvannja), до́слід (uk) m (dóslid), експериме́нт m (eksperymént), спро́ба f (spróba)
• Urdu: جان٘چ‎ f (jānc)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

appearance at judicial court

• Albanian: gjyq (sq) m
• Arabic: مُحَاكَمَة‎ (ar) (muḥākama)
• Armenian: դատ (hy) (dat), դատավարություն (hy) (datavarutʿyun)
• Aromanian: giudicatã f, giudets n
• Azerbaijani: məhkəmə (az), mühakimə (az)
• Belarusian: суд m (sud), разгля́д m (razhljád), разбо́р m (razbór), працэ́с m (pracés)
• Bulgarian: съд (bg) m (sǎd), проце́с (bg) m (procés)
• Catalan: procés (ca) m, judici (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 審訊／审讯 (zh) (shěnxùn)

• Czech: přelíčení n
• Danish: rettergang c
• Dutch: rechtzaak c, proces (nl) n
• Esperanto: proceso
• Finnish: oikeudenkäynti (fi)
• French: procès (fr) m
• Galician: xuízo m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Verhör (de) n, Prozess (de) m, Gerichtsverhandlung (de) f
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰 f (staua)
• Greek: δίκη (el) f (díki), εκδίκαση (el) f (ekdíkasi)
• Hawaiian: hoʻokolokolo
• Hebrew: מִשְׁפָּט‎ (he) m (mishpát)
• Hungarian: tárgyalás (hu)
• Indonesian: sidang (id), persidangan (id)
• Italian: processo (it) m
• Japanese: 裁判 (ja) (さいばん, sáiban), 公判 (ja) (こうはん, kōhan)
• Khmer: ក្តី (kdəy), ជំនុំជំរះក្តី (cumnum cumrĕəh kdəy)
• Korean: 재판(裁判) (ko) (jaepan), 공판(公判) (gongpan)
• Malay: perbicaraan
• Malayalam: വിചാരണ (ml) (vicāraṇa)
• Maori: whakawākanga
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: rettergang m

  Nynorsk: rettargang m

• Occitan: procès (oc) m, judici (oc) m
• Persian: محاکمه‎ (fa) (mohâkeme)
• Plautdietsch: Vehia n
• Polish: rozprawa (pl) f, proces (pl) m
• Portuguese: processo (pt) m, julgamento (pt) m
• Romanian: proces (ro) n, judecată (ro) f
• Russian: суд (ru) m (sud), разбира́тельство (ru) n (razbirátelʹstvo), проце́сс (ru) m (procéss)
• Spanish: juicio (es) m, proceso (es) m
• Swedish: rättegång (sv) c
• Tajik: маҳкама (mahkama)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: duruşma (tr)
• Ukrainian: суд (uk) (sud), ро́згляд (rózhljad), проце́с (uk) m (procés)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can

difficult experience

• Armenian: փորձություն (hy) (pʿorjutʿyun)
• Belarusian: выпрабава́нне n (vyprabavánnje)
• Bulgarian: изпита́ние (bg) n (izpitánie), неприя́тности (bg) f (neprijátnosti), бре́ме (bg) n (bréme)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 考驗／考验 (zh) (kǎoyàn)

• Czech: zkouška (cs) f
• Danish: prøvelse c
• Dutch: beproeving (nl) f, bezoeking (nl) f
• Finnish: koettelemus (fi), haaste (fi)
• French: épreuve (fr) f
• German: Probe (de) f, Sorge (de) f, Kummer (de) m, Belästigung (de) f, Strapaze (de) f, Prüfung (de) f
• Greek: δοκιμασία (el) f (dokimasía)
• Hebrew: ניסיון \ נִסָּיוֹן‎ (he) m (nisayón)
• Hungarian: baj (hu), nehézség (hu), kellemetlenség (hu), megpróbáltatás (hu), próbatétel (hu)
• Italian: prova (it) f, tribolazione (it) f
• Japanese: 試練 (ja) (しれん, shiren)
• Korean: 시련(試鍊) (ko) (siryeon)
• Malayalam: പരീക്ഷണം (ml) (parīkṣaṇaṃ)
• Portuguese: provação (pt) f
• Russian: испыта́ние (ru) n (ispytánije), неприя́тность (ru) f (neprijátnostʹ)
• Spanish: tribulación (es) f
• Swedish: prövning (sv) c
• Turkish: tecrübe (tr)
• Ukrainian: випро́бування n (vypróbuvannja)

a try-out to pick team members

• Finnish: karsinnat pl

Adjective

trial (not comparable)

1. Pertaining to a trial or test.
2. Attempted on a provisional or experimental basis.

Translations

pertaining to a trial or test

• Bulgarian: пробен (bg) (proben)
• Czech: zkušební (cs)
• Danish: test-
• Finnish: koe-, kokeellinen (fi)
• Greek: δοκιμαστικός (el) (dokimastikós)
• Polish: próbny (pl)
• Swedish: test-, prov-

attempted on a provisional or experimental basis

• Bulgarian: експериментален (bg) (eksperimentalen)
• Danish: provisorisk
• Finnish: kokeellinen (fi), koe-, kokeilu-
• Greek: δοκιμαστικός (el) (dokimastikós), πειραματικός (el) (peiramatikós)
• Polish: próbny (pl)
• Swedish: provisorisk (sv), tillfällig (sv)

Verb

trial (third-person singular simple present trials, present participle (UK) trialling or (US) trialing, simple past and past participle (UK) trialled or (US) trialed)

1. To carry out a series of tests on (a new product, procedure etc.) before marketing or implementing it.

   The warning system was extensively trialed before being fitted to all our vehicles.

   • 2020 April 22, “Network News: Bombardier resumes work at Derby Litchurch Lane”, in Rail, page 9:

     In the week beginning April 6, the company began trialling the new processes - these include greater spacing, split shifts, additional safety requirements and washing facilities.

2. To try out (a new player) in a sports team.

   The team trialled a new young goalkeeper in Saturday's match, with mixed results.

Translations

to carry out a series of tests on a new product

• Bulgarian: изпитвам (bg) (izpitvam)
• Dutch: testen (nl)
• Finnish: koestaa, testata (fi)
• Malayalam: പരീക്ഷിക്കുക (ml) (parīkṣikkuka)
• Maori: whakamātau, whakamāhunga (on new crops)
• Ukrainian: оці́нка (uk) (ocínka), про́ба (uk) (próba)

to select members of a team

• Maori: para whakawai

Derived terms

Terms derived from the noun, adjective, or verb trial

• put on trial
• stand trial
• trial and error
• trial balloon
• trial by combat
• trial by fire
• trial separation

 

Etymology 2

From Latin tri- (stem of trēs (“three”)) + -al, on the pattern of dual.

Adjective

trial (not comparable)

1. Characterized by having three (usually equivalent) components.
2. Triple.
3. (grammar) Pertaining to a language form referring to three of something, like people. (See Ambai language for an example.)

   Coordinate terms: singular, dual, plural

   No language has a trial number unless it has a dual.

Derived terms

• triality

Translations

Characterized by having three (usually equivalent) components

• Bulgarian: троен (bg) (troen)
• Czech: trojí (cs)

Triple

• Bulgarian: трикратен (bg) (trikraten)
• Czech: trojí (cs)
• Greek: τριπλός (el) m (triplós)
• Italian: triplo (it) m

pertaining to a language form referring to three of something

• Dutch: trialis
• Finnish: kolmikko (fi), triaali (fi)
• French: triel (fr)
• German: Trialis
• Japanese: 三数 (sansū)
• Latin: trialis
• Navajo: tááʼ dóó baʼąą
• Spanish: trial (es)
• Swedish: trialis (sv), tretal (sv)
• Thai: ไตรพจน์

Noun

trial (plural trials)

1. (grammar) The trial number.

See also

• (grammatical numbers) grammatical number; singular, dual, trial, quadral, paucal, plural ^{(Category: en:Grammar)}

Anagrams

• TRALI, Trail, irtal, litra, trail

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English trial.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tri‧al

Noun

trial m (plural trials, diminutive trialtje n)

1. Cross with small but sturdy and very versatile motorcycles, cars or bicycles

Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English trial.

Noun

trial m (invariable)

1. (sports) trials (motorcycle etc.)

Anagrams

• altri, latri, tarli

Old French

Etymology

trier (“to try such as in a court of law”) +‎ -al.

Noun

trial m (oblique plural triaus or triax or trials, nominative singular triaus or triax or trials, nominative plural trial)

1. trial (legal procedure)

Usage notes

• due to lack of attestation, the precise meaning is uncertain

Descendants

• → English: trial

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (trial)
• trial on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub