barbarian; recklessly; surname | take captive | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (胡虜) | 胡 | 虜 | |
simp. (胡虏) | 胡 | 虏 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 胡 | 虜 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 來 (37) |
Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | I | I |
Fanqie | 戸吳切 | 郎古切 |
Baxter | hu | luX |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuo/ | /luoX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ɦuo/ | /luoX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ɣo/ | /loX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦɔ/ | /lɔX/ |
Li Rong |
/ɣo/ | /loX/ |
Wang Li |
/ɣu/ | /luX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuo/ | /luoX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hú | lǔ |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wu4 | lou5 |
胡虜