Wiktionary

渴

See also: 渇
渴 U+6E34, 渴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E34
← 渳
[U+6E33] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 渵 →
[U+6E35]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

渴 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水日心女 (EAPV), four-corner 36127, composition ⿰氵曷)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17788
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1042, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1676, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6E34

Chinese edit

trad. 渴
simp. # 渴

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 渴
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愒 *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤 *qaːds
靄 *qaːds, *qaːd
餲 *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝 *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭 *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈 *ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲 *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛 *kaːd
輵 *kaːd
獦 *klaːd, *rab
渴 *kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑 *kʰaːd
暍 *qʰaːd, *qad
曷 *ɡaːd
褐 *ɡaːd
鶡 *ɡaːd
毼 *ɡaːd
蝎 *ɡaːd
鞨 *ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏 *qaːd
齃 *qaːd
堨 *qaːd
擖 *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬 *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅 *kʰrad
藒 *kʰrad
竭 *ɡrad, *ɡad
碣 *ɡrad, *ɡad
羯 *kad
鍻 *kad
歇 *qʰad
蠍 *qʰad
謁 *qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːd, *ɡrad): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd); dry, exhausted (of water).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • khoah - vernacular;
  • khat - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 渴
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 寒 (63)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 苦曷切
    Baxter khat
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɑt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰɑt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰɑt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰɑt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰɑt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰɑt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ke
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hot3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 渴
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		kě
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khat ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Nə-[k]ʰˁat/
    English thirsty

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 渴
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 5025
    Phonetic
    component         		曷
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		渴
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰaːd/
    Notes 說文右加欠

    Definitions edit

    渴

    1. thirsty
      口渴  ―  kǒukě  ―  thirsty
      渴望  ―  kěwàng  ―  to thirst/to long for
    2. (dialectal Hakka) tired
    Synonyms edit
    Dialectal synonyms of 渴 (“thirsty”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 口渴
    Mandarin Beijing 渴
    Taiwan 渴
    Jinan 渴
    Xi'an 渴, 炕
    Wuhan 渴, 口乾
    Chengdu 口乾, 渴
    Guilin 渴
    Yangzhou 嘴乾
    Hefei 渴, 口乾
    Singapore 口渴
    Cantonese Guangzhou 頸渴
    Hong Kong 頸渴, 口渴, 口乾
    Taishan 頸渴
    Yangjiang 頸渴, 渴
    Singapore (Guangfu) 口乾, 頸渴, 口渴
    Gan Nanchang 渴
    Hakka Meixian 肚渴, 渴
    Xingning 嘴渴
    Huidong (Daling) 渴
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頸渴
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 頸渴
    Changting 嘴燥
    Wuping 嘴恁燥, 嘴恁渴
    Wuping (Pingyu) 肚渴
    Liancheng 嘴燥
    Ninghua 口燥
    Ruijin 嘴燥
    Shicheng 嘴燥
    Shangyou (Shexi) 口乾
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 嘴渴, 肚渴
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 嘴渴, 肚渴
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 嘴渴, 肚渴
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 嘴渴, 肚渴
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 嘴渴, 肚渴
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 嘴渴
    Jin Taiyuan 渴
    Min Bei Jian'ou 喙焦
    Min Dong Fuzhou 渴, 喙焦
    Matsu 喙焦
    Min Nan Xiamen 喙焦, 喙渴
    Quanzhou 喙焦
    Zhangzhou 喙焦, 喙渴, 喙堅
    Zhao'an 喙渴
    Taipei 喙焦
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 喙焦喉渴
    Kaohsiung 喙焦
    Yilan 喙焦
    Changhua (Lukang) 喙焦
    Taichung 喙焦
    Tainan 喙焦
    Hsinchu 喙焦
    Kinmen 喙焦
    Penghu (Magong) 喙焦
    Penang (Hokkien) 喙焦
    Singapore (Hokkien) 喙焦
    Manila (Hokkien) 喙焦
    Chaozhou 喉焦
    Shantou 喉焦
    Jieyang 喉焦
    Haifeng 喉渴
    Singapore (Teochew) 喉焦
    Pontianak (Teochew) 喉焦
    Wenchang 渴
    Haikou 喙渴
    Singapore (Hainanese) 渴, 喙渴
    Wu Suzhou 嘴乾
    Danyang 口乾
    Wenzhou 渴, 口燥
    Xiang Changsha 口乾, 乾
    Shuangfeng 口乾, 乾
    Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊, 疲勞
    Mandarin Beijing 累, 乏
    Taiwan 累
    Jinan 累, 乏
    Wanrong 乏
    Xi'an 乏, 累
    Ürümqi 乏
    Wuhan 累
    Chengdu 累
    Yangzhou 累, 痿
    Hefei 累
    Malaysia 累
    Singapore 累
    Cantonese Guangzhou 攰
    Hong Kong 攰
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 攰
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 攰
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 攰
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 攰
    Macau 攰
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 攰
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 攰
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 攰
    Foshan 攰
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 夠
    Foshan (Shunde) 攰
    Foshan (Sanshui) 夠攰
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 夠攰
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 夠, 攰
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 夠, 攰
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 夠
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 夠
    Taishan 夠, 攰
    Kaiping (Chikan) 夠, 攰
    Enping (Niujiang) 夠, 攰
    Heshan (Yayao) 夠算
    Dongguan 攰
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 攰
    Qingyuan 攰
    Fogang 攰
    Yingde (Hanguang) 攰
    Yangshan 攰
    Lianshan (Butian) 累
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 攰
    Shaoguan 攰
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 攰
    Renhua 攰
    Lechang 攰
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 攰
    Sihui 攰
    Guangning 攰
    Deqing 攰
    Huaiji 攰
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 攰
    Yunfu 攰
    Luoding 攰
    Yunan (Pingtai) 攰
    Yangjiang 攰
    Xinyi 攰
    Lianjiang 攰
    Nanning 攰
    Wuzhou 攰
    Yulin 攰, 累
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 攰
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 攰
    Singapore (Guangfu) 攰
    Gan Nanchang 累
    Hakka Meixian 𤸁
    Xingning 𤸁
    Huidong (Daling) 𤸁
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 𤸁
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 𤸁
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 𤸁
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 𤸁
    Wengyuan 𤸁
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 𤸁
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 𤸁
    Liannan 𤸁
    Jiexi 渴
    Luhe 悿 Hetian, 渴 Xintian
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 悿
    Changting 累
    Wuping 𤸁
    Wuping (Yanqian) 𤸁
    Wuping (Pingyu) 𤸁
    Liancheng 𤸁
    Ninghua 累
    Ningdu 累
    Ruijin 𤸁
    Shangyou (Shexi) 𤸁
    Tonggu (Sandu) 累
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𤸁, 悿
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𤸁, 悿
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 悿
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 悿, 𤸁
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 悿
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 悿
    Hong Kong 𤸁
    Xinyi (Sihe) 𤸁
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 𤸁
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 𤸁
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 𤸁
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 𤸁
    Mengshan (Xihe) 𤸁
    Luchuan 𤸁
    Senai (Huiyang) 𤸁
    Kuching (Hepo) 𤺪
    Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 渴
    Singkawang 渴
    Huizhou Jixi 吃力
    Jin Taiyuan 乏, 累
    Xinzhou 累
    Min Bei Jian'ou 累, 軟
    Min Dong Fuzhou 弱
    Min Nan Xiamen 𤺪, 厭
    Quanzhou 𤺪, 厭
    Zhangzhou 𤺪, 厭
    Zhao'an 厭, 悿
    Taipei 悿
    Taipei (Wanhua) 悿, 𤺪
    New Taipei (Tamsui) 悿, 𤺪
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 悿
    New Taipei (Pingxi) 悿, 𤺪
    Kaohsiung 悿
    Kaohsiung (Cijin) 悿, 𤺪
    Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 悿
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 悿, 𤺪
    Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 悿
    Yilan 悿, 懶
    Yilan (Toucheng) 悿, 𤺪
    Changhua (Lukang) 悿
    Taichung 𤺪
    Taichung (Wuqi) 悿
    Tainan 悿, 𤺪
    Tainan (Anping) 悿, 𤺪
    Taitung 悿
    Hsinchu 悿, 𤺪
    Kinmen 悿
    Penghu (Magong) 悿, 𤺪
    Penghu (Xiyu) 悿, 𤺪
    Penang (Hokkien) 𤺪
    Singapore (Hokkien) 𤺪
    Manila (Hokkien) 𤺪
    Chaozhou 乏, 累
    Shantou 乏, 𤺪
    Shantou (Chenghai) 乏
    Jieyang 乏
    Haifeng 悿
    Bangkok (Teochew) 乏
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 乏
    Singapore (Teochew) 𤺪, 累
    Leizhou 乏
    Wenchang 乏
    Haikou 乏
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 瞓
    Wu Shanghai 吃力, 衰瘏
    Suzhou 吃力
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 吃力
    Ningbo 着力, 吃力 rare
    Wenzhou 㾯, 吃力
    Xiang Changsha 傫
    Shuangfeng 鶴累
    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit

    Rime
    Character 渴
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 群 (30)
    Final (韻) 仙 (83)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 渠列切
    Baxter gjet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɡˠiᴇt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɡᵚiɛt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɡiæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/giat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɡjɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɡĭɛt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/gi̯ɛt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jié
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		git6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 渴
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 5055
    Phonetic
    component         		曷
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		傑
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡrad/
    Notes 後通作竭

    Definitions edit

    渴

    1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 竭 (jié, “to use up; to exhaust; to cause to dry up”)

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    		渇

    Kyūjitai

    		渴

    Kanji edit

    渴

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 渇)

    1. thirsty
    2. parched
    3. yearn
    4. pine

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    渴 (eumhun 목마를 갈 (mongmareul gal))

    1. Hanja form? of 갈 (“thirsty”).

    Compounds edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    渴: Hán Nôm readings: khát, kiệt, hạt

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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