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U+805E, 聞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-805E

[U+805D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+805F]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional
Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

Alternative forms

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This character has a slight difference between Chinese and Japanese forms.

  • In Chinese:
  • in Japanese:
  • in Korean:

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 128, +8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 日弓尸十 (ANSJ), four-corner 77401, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 968, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29104
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1418, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4294, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+805E

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𦔵

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *mɯn, *mɯns) : phonetic (OC *mɯːn) + semantic (ear). Compare (OC *mɯns).

Etymology

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Probably derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-nam (to smell), whence Tibetan མནམ་པ (mnam pa, to smell of), Tibetan སྣོམ་པ (snom pa, to smell), Jingpho manam (mə³¹ nam⁵⁵, smell), Burmese နမ် (nam, to smell), Burmese နံ (nam, to stink) (Schuessler, 2007). The inversion of n and m in Chinese is the result of labial dissimilation or prefix-preemption.

In almost all major Tibeto-Burman languages, this etymon means only "to smell". One or other factors may help explain the application of "to hear" in Chinese. The semantic affinities of hear ~ smell have a parallel in Tibeto-Burman *na "ear ~ nose" and hence perhaps in Sino-Tibetan (see *r/g-na (ear)). The Chinese stem may have converged with a Mon-Khmer etymon (cf. Proto-Monic *smaaɲ (to inquire) (ibid.). Also note Tibetan མཉན་པ (mnyan pa, to listen to; to hear) which is phonologically quite close to Chinese.

Pronunciation 2 ("be heard about; renowned; fame") is a derivation of pronunciation 1, with passive suffix *-s (ibid.).

(OC *mɯns, “to ask”) is the exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 with suffix *-s, literally "let (me) hear" (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • 3men - colloquial;
  • 3ven - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (59)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter mjun
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mɨun/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /miun/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /miuən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /mun/
    Li
    Rong
    /miuən/
    Wang
    Li
    /mĭuən/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /mi̯uən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    wén
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    man4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    wén
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ mjun ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mu[n]/
    English hear (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8963
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mɯn/

    Definitions

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    1. (literary or Jiangyong Tuhua) to hear; to listen
      不如一見不如一见  ―  bǎi wén bùrú yī jiàn  ―  seeing is believing (literally, “hearing something one hundred times is not as good as seeing it once”)
    2. to smell; to detect; to get a sniff at
      味道味道  ―  wén wèidào  ―  to smell the scent
      乜嘢 [Cantonese, trad.]
      乜嘢 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 mat1 je5 dou1 man4 m4 dou3 ge2? [Jyutping]
      Why don't I smell anything?
    3. (literary) to spread; to transmit
    4. (literary) to be famous
    5. knowledge; expertise
    6. news; message
        ―  xīnwén  ―  news
        ―  wén  ―  thrilling or fantastic story
    7. a surname
        ―  Wén Yīduō  ―  Wen Yiduo (Chinese poet)
    Synonyms
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    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

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    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (59)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter mjunH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mɨunH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /miunH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /miuənH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /munH/
    Li
    Rong
    /miuənH/
    Wang
    Li
    /mĭuənH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /mi̯uənH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    wèn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    man6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 8968
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mɯns/

    Definitions

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    1. (literary) reputation; renown; prestige
    2. (literary) famous; renowned

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. hear

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 들을 (deureul mun))

    1. hanja form? of (hear)

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: văn, vẳn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.