Wiktionary

數

See also: 数
數 U+6578, 數
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6578
← 敷
[U+6577] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敹 →
[U+6579]
數 U+F969, 數
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F969
← 泌
[U+F968] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 索 →
[U+F96A]

Translingual edit

Japanese 数
Simplified 数
Traditional 數

Han character edit

數 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中女人大 (LVOK), four-corner 58440, composition ⿰婁攵)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 475, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 829, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1474, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6578

Chinese edit

trad. 數
simp. 数
2nd round simp. 𮲓

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (婁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
樓 *ɡ·roː
摟 *roː, *ro
耬 *roː
僂 *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·roːs, *ɡ·roʔ
婁 *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro
螻 *roː
髏 *roː
蔞 *roː, *ro, *roʔ
鞻 *roː
艛 *ɡ·roː
膢 *roː, *ro
廔 *roː
嘍 *roː, *roːʔ
瞜 *roː, *ro
簍 *roː, *roːʔ, *roʔ
慺 *roː, *ro, *roʔ
鷜 *roː, *ro
褸 *roː, *roʔ
遱 *roː
謱 *roː, *roːʔ, *roʔ
嶁 *roːʔ, *roʔ
甊 *roːʔ
塿 *roːʔ
漊 *roːʔ, *roʔ
鏤 *roːs, *ro
瘻 *roːs, *ro
擻 *sloːʔ
藪 *sloːʔ
籔 *sloːʔ, *sroʔ
氀 *ro
縷 *roʔ
屢 *ros
數 *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ
屨 *klos
窶 *ɡloʔ
貗 *ɡloʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ): phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) + semantic 攴.

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”); cognate to Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “to count; to calculate”), Burmese ရေ (re, “to count”), Jingpho hti, Ersu htɛ⁵⁵ (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) connects this word with Austroasiatic; compare Mon ရိုဟ် (rɜ̀h), from Middle Mon ruih (“to count”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rʔis (“to count”).

Pronunciation 2 is an exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1 with suffix *-s, meaning "what is counted" (ibid.).

Pronunciation 3 is another derivation of pronunciation 1, perhaps with distributive suffix *-k (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • só - vernacular;
  • sū - literary, rare.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • siàu - vernacular (“to count”);
    • só͘/sò͘ - literary (“to be reckoned as; to criticise”).
    Note:
    • siao3 - Shantou;
    • siou3 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 數 (數錢)
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂu²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʂu²¹³/
    Tianjin /su¹³/
    Jinan /ʂu⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ʂu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʂuo⁵³/
    Xi'an /fu⁵³/
    Xining /fv̩⁵³/
    Yinchuan /su⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fu⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ʂu²¹³/
    /fu²¹³/
    Wuhan /səu⁴²/
    Chengdu /su⁵³/
    Guiyang /su⁴²/
    Kunming /su⁵³/
    Nanjing /su²¹²/
    Hefei /sʊ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /su⁵³/
    Pingyao /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Hohhot /su⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /su³⁵/
    Suzhou /səu⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /su⁵³/
    Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /su³⁵/
    Tunxi /səu³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /səu⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /səɯ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /su²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /su³¹/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sou³⁵/
    Nanning /su³⁵/
    Hong Kong /sou³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sɔ⁵³/
    /siau²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sou²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /siau²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tiau³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 數
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 所矩切
    Baxter srjuX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂuə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃioX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃĭuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		so2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 數
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shǔ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ srjuX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-roʔ/
    English count (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 數
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 8506
    Phonetic
    component         		婁
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		數
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sroʔ/
    Definitions edit

    數

    1. to count; to enumerate
      數銀仔／数银仔 [Cantonese]  ―  sou2 ngan4-2 zai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to count coins
    2. to be reckoned as
      數一數二／数一数二  ―  shǔyī shǔ'èr  ―  to be reckoned as first or second; to be one of the best
    3. to criticize; to find fault; to blame
      數落／数落  ―  shǔluò  ―  to criticize, to scold
    Synonyms edit
    • (Malaysia, Singapore) 算 (suàn)
    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit

    Note: sù - Taiwan, only used in 數珠.
    Note:
    • sṳ - “account; fate”.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • sò͘ - literary;
    • siàu - vernacular (“account”).
    Note:
    • siao3/siou3 - noun (siou3 - Chaozhou);
    • su3 - "several" and in 無數.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 數 (數量)
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂu⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʂu⁵³/
    Tianjin /su⁵³/
    Jinan /ʂu²¹/
    Qingdao /ʂu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂuo³¹²/
    Xi'an /fu⁴⁴/
    Xining /fv̩²¹³/
    Yinchuan /su¹³/
    Lanzhou /fu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʂu²¹³/
    /fu²¹³/
    Wuhan /səu³⁵/
    Chengdu /su¹³/
    Guiyang /su²¹³/
    Kunming /su²¹²/
    Nanjing /su⁴⁴/
    Hefei /sʊ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /su⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /sz̩ʷ³⁵/
    Hohhot /su⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /su³⁵/
    Suzhou /səu⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /su⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /sɤu⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /su³²⁴/
    Tunxi /səu⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /səu⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /səɯ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /su⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /su⁵³/
    Taoyuan /su⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sou³³/
    Nanning /su³³/
    Hong Kong /sou³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sɔ²¹/
    /siau²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sou²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /siau²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /to³⁵/
    /tiau³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 數
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 色句切
    Baxter srjuH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃɨoH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃioH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃioH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂuə̆H/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃioH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃĭuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂi̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		so3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 數
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ srjuH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-roʔ-s/
    English number (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 數
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 8508
    Phonetic
    component         		婁
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		捒
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sros/
    Definitions edit

    數

    1. number; figure; amount (Classifier: 個／个)
      人數／人数  ―  rénshù  ―  population
    2. (mathematics) number
      整數／整数  ―  zhěngshù  ―  integer
    3. (grammar) number
      單數／单数  ―  dānshù  ―  singular
    4. several; few
      數百人／数百人  ―  shù bǎi rén  ―  several hundred people
    5. † mathematics; reckoning (one of the Six Arts)
    6. Short for 數學／数学 (shùxué, “mathematics”).
      中英數／中英数 [Cantonese]  ―  zung1 jing1 sou3 [Jyutping]  ―  Chinese, English and mathematics
    7. † divination
    8. † skill
    9. † law; rule; regular pattern
    10. † legal system
    11. fate; destiny
      氣數／气数  ―  qìshù  ―  fate
    12. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Nan) account (Classifier: 條／条 c; 盤／盘 c)
      數簿／数簿 [Cantonese]  ―  sou3 bou6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  account book
      公數／公数 [Cantonese]  ―  gung1 sou3 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    13. (Cantonese) debt (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 條／条 c)
      卡數／卡数 [Cantonese]  ―  kaat1 sou3 [Jyutping]  ―  credit card debt
    14. (Cantonese) sum of money (Classifier: 筆／笔 c; 嚿 c)
    15. (Cantonese) mathematical problem (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 3 edit

    Rime
    Character 數
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 江 (10)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 所角切
    Baxter sraewk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃˠʌk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃᵚɔk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃɔk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂaɨwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃɔk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃɔk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂɔk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shuo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sok3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 數
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shuò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sræwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-rok/
    English frequently

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 數
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 8512
    Phonetic
    component         		婁
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		朔
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sroːɡ/
    Definitions edit

    數

    1. † frequently; repeatedly
      數見不鮮／数见不鲜  ―  shuòjiàn bùxiān  ―  a common occurrence
    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic (數):
    • → Japanese: 数(すう) (sū)
    • → Korean: 수(數) (su)
    • → Vietnamese: số (數)

    Etymology 2 edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Definitions edit

    數

    1. † fine and closely woven
      數罟／数罟  ―  cùgǔ  ―  closely woven net

    Compounds edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    		数

    Kyūjitai

    		數

    Kanji edit

    數

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 数)

    1. count
    2. number

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    From Middle Chinese 數 (MC srjuX|srjuH).

    Historical readings

    Recorded as Middle Korean 수 (swu)訓 (Yale: swu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    “number; etc.”
    From Middle Chinese 數 (MC srjuH).
    Recorded as Middle Korean 숭〮 (Yale: swú) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    “to count; to calculate”
    From Middle Chinese 數 (MC srjuX).
    Recorded as Middle Korean 슝〯 (Yale: syǔ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Pronunciation edit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰu(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [수(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    數 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su))
    數 (eumhun 셈 수 (sem su))

    1. Hanja form? of 수 (“number; fixed quantity; figure”).
    2. Hanja form? of 수 (“to count; to calculate”).
    3. Hanja form? of 수 (“a little; a bit; a few; several”).
    4. Hanja form? of 수 (“manners”).
    5. Hanja form? of 수 (“grade”).
    6. Hanja form? of 수 (“obligation; duty”).
    7. Hanja form? of 수 (“fate; destiny”).
    8. Hanja form? of 수 (“skill; technique”).
    9. Hanja form? of 수 (“trick; scheme”).
    10. Hanja form? of 수 (“means; method”).

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology 2 edit

    From Middle Chinese 數 (MC sraewk).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    數 (eumhun 자주 삭 (jaju sak))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of 삭 (“often; frequently”).

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Etymology 3 edit

    From Middle Chinese 數.

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    數 (eumhun 촘촘할 촉 (chomchomhal chok))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of 촉 (“dense; thick”).

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    數: Hán Việt readings: sác, số, sổ, xúc
    數: Nôm readings: số, sổ, sỗ, sộ, xọ

    1. chữ Hán form of số (“number”).
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