See also:
U+6578, 數
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6578

[U+6577]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6579]
U+F969, 數
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F969

[U+F968]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F96A]

Translingual edit

Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 66, +11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中女人大 (LVOK), four-corner 58440, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 475, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 829, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1474, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6578

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.
2nd round simp. 𮲓

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ): phonetic (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) + semantic .

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (to count); cognate to Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, to count; to calculate), Burmese ရေ (re, to count), Jingpho hti, Ersu htɛ⁵⁵ (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) connects this word with Austroasiatic; compare Mon ရိုဟ် (rɜ̀h), from Middle Mon ruih (to count), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rʔis (to count).

Pronunciation 2 is an exopassive derivation of pronunciation 1 with suffix *-s, meaning "what is counted" (ibid.).

Pronunciation 3 is another derivation of pronunciation 1, perhaps with distributive suffix *-k (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1 edit


Note:
  • só - vernacular;
  • sū - literary, rare.
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • siàu - vernacular (“to count”);
    • só͘/sò͘ - literary (“to be reckoned as; to criticise”).
    Note:
    • siao3 - Shantou;
    • siou3 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 數 (錢)
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂu²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ʂu²¹³/
    Tianjin /su¹³/
    Jinan /ʂu⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ʂu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ʂuo⁵³/
    Xi'an /fu⁵³/
    Xining /fv̩⁵³/
    Yinchuan /su⁵³/
    Lanzhou /fu⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ʂu²¹³/
    /fu²¹³/
    Wuhan /səu⁴²/
    Chengdu /su⁵³/
    Guiyang /su⁴²/
    Kunming /su⁵³/
    Nanjing /su²¹²/
    Hefei /sʊ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /su⁵³/
    Pingyao /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Hohhot /su⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /su³⁵/
    Suzhou /səu⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /su⁵³/
    Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /su³⁵/
    Tunxi /səu³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /səu⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /səɯ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /su²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /su³¹/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sou³⁵/
    Nanning /su³⁵/
    Hong Kong /sou³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sɔ⁵³/
    /siau²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sou²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /siau²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tiau³⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial () (21)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter srjuX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʃɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʃioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʃioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʂuə̆X/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʃioX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ʃĭuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʂi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    so2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shǔ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ srjuX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*s-roʔ/
    English count (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 8506
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sroʔ/
    Definitions edit

    1. to count; to enumerate
      銀仔银仔 [Cantonese]  ―  sou2 ngan4-2 zai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to count coins
    2. to be reckoned as
        ―  shǔshǔ'èr  ―  to be reckoned as first or second; to be one of the best
    3. to criticize; to find fault; to blame
        ―  shǔluò  ―  to criticize, to scold
    Synonyms edit
    • (Malaysia, Singapore) (suàn)
    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit


    Note: sù - Taiwan, only used in 數珠.
    Note:
    • sṳ - “account; fate”.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • sò͘ - literary;
    • siàu - vernacular (“account”).
    Note:
    • siao3/siou3 - noun (siou3 - Chaozhou);
    • su3 - "several" and in 無數.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 數 (量)
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂu⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʂu⁵³/
    Tianjin /su⁵³/
    Jinan /ʂu²¹/
    Qingdao /ʂu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂuo³¹²/
    Xi'an /fu⁴⁴/
    Xining /fv̩²¹³/
    Yinchuan /su¹³/
    Lanzhou /fu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʂu²¹³/
    /fu²¹³/
    Wuhan /səu³⁵/
    Chengdu /su¹³/
    Guiyang /su²¹³/
    Kunming /su²¹²/
    Nanjing /su⁴⁴/
    Hefei /sʊ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /su⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /sz̩ʷ³⁵/
    Hohhot /su⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /su³⁵/
    Suzhou /səu⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /su⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /sɤu⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /su³²⁴/
    Tunxi /səu⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /səu⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /səɯ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /su⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /su⁵³/
    Taoyuan /su⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sou³³/
    Nanning /su³³/
    Hong Kong /sou³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sɔ²¹/
    /siau²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sou²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /su³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /siau²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /to³⁵/
    /tiau³⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial () (21)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter srjuH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʃɨoH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʃioH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʃioH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʂuə̆H/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʃioH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ʃĭuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʂi̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    so3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shù
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ srjuH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*s-roʔ-s/
    English number (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 8508
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sros/
    Definitions edit

    1. number; figure; amount (Classifier: )
        ―  rénshù  ―  population
    2. (mathematics) number
        ―  zhěngshù  ―  integer
    3. (grammar) number
        ―  dānshù  ―  singular
    4. several; few
        ―  shù bǎi rén  ―  several hundred people
    5. mathematics; reckoning (one of the Six Arts)
    6. Short for 數學数学 (shùxué, “mathematics”).
      [Cantonese]  ―  zung1 jing1 sou3 [Jyutping]  ―  Chinese, English and mathematics
    7. divination
    8. skill
    9. law; rule; regular pattern
    10. legal system
    11. fate; destiny
        ―  shù  ―  fate
    12. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Nan) account (Classifier: c;  c)
      簿簿 [Cantonese]  ―  sou3 bou6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  account book
      [Cantonese]  ―  gung1 sou3 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    13. (Cantonese) debt (Classifier: c;  c)
      [Cantonese]  ―  kaat1 sou3 [Jyutping]  ―  credit card debt
    14. (Cantonese) sum of money (Classifier: c;  c)
    15. (Cantonese) mathematical problem (Classifier: c)
    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 3 edit



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial () (21)
    Final () (10)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter sraewk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʃˠʌk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʃᵚɔk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʃɔk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʂaɨwk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʃɔk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ʃɔk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʂɔk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shuo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sok3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shuò
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ sræwk ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*s-rok/
    English frequently

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 8512
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sroːɡ/
    Definitions edit

    1. frequently; repeatedly
      見不鮮见不鲜  ―  shuòjiàn bùxiān  ―  a common occurrence
    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (すう) ()
    • Korean: 수(數) (su)
    • Vietnamese: số ()

    Etymology 2 edit

    Pronunciation edit


    Definitions edit

    1. fine and closely woven
        ―    ―  closely woven net

    Compounds edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji edit

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. count
    2. number

    Readings edit

    Korean edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC srjuX|srjuH).

    Historical readings

    Recorded as Middle Korean (swu) (Yale: swu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    “number; etc.”
    From Middle Chinese (MC srjuH).
    Recorded as Middle Korean 숭〮 (Yale: swú) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    “to count; to calculate”
    From Middle Chinese (MC srjuX).
    Recorded as Middle Korean 슝〯 (Yale: syǔ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Pronunciation edit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰu(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (sel su))
    (eumhun (sem su))

    1. Hanja form? of (number; fixed quantity; figure).
    2. Hanja form? of (to count; to calculate).
    3. Hanja form? of (a little; a bit; a few; several).
    4. Hanja form? of (manners).
    5. Hanja form? of (grade).
    6. Hanja form? of (obligation; duty).
    7. Hanja form? of (fate; destiny).
    8. Hanja form? of (skill; technique).
    9. Hanja form? of (trick; scheme).
    10. Hanja form? of (means; method).

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC sraewk).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 자주 (jaju sak))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of (often; frequently).

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    From Middle Chinese .

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 촘촘할 (chomchomhal chok))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of (dense; thick).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: sác, số, sổ, xúc
    : Nôm readings: số, sổ, sỗ, sộ, xọ

    1. chữ Hán form of số (number).