臽

臽 U+81FD, 臽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FD ← 臼 [U+81FC] CJK Unified Ideographs 臾 → [U+81FE]

Translingual

Han character

臽 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹X (NHX), composition ⿱⺈臼(G) or ⿱勹臼(TJK))

1. pit, hole

Derived characters

• 啗, 埳, 惂, 掐, 淊, 陷, 焰, 䐄, 蜭, 䘓, 諂(谄), 輡, 錎, 餡(馅), 䱤, 䶟
• 欿, 燄, 鵮(鹐), 萏, 窞, 閻(阎)

References

• KangXi: page 1003, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30177
• Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 6
• Unihan data for U+81FD

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		臽
2nd round simp.		⿱ク曰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臽
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
淊	*ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	*ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms
啗	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
鵮	*ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	*ljom, *loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意): 鹿 (“deer”) + 凵 (“pit”) – a deer falling into a trap.

From the bronze inscriptions, now an ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + 臼 (“trap”) – a person falling into a trap.

Original form of 陷.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Wade–Giles: hsien4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haam⁶
    • Yale: haahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /häːm²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰʌm^X/, /ɦˠɛm^H/

Rime
Character	臽	臽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	苦感切	戸韽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌmX/	/ɦˠɛmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəmX/	/ɦᵚæmH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒmX/	/ɣɐmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəmX/	/ɦəɨmH/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀmX/	/ɣɐmH/
Wang Li	/kʰɒmX/	/ɣɐmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰămX/	/ɣămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎn	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham2	haam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤromʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːmʔ/, /*ɡroːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛmH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁromʔ-s/
English	small pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臽	臽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13545	13557
Phonetic component	臽	臽
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	坎	陷
Old Chinese	/*kʰloːmʔ/	/*ɡroːms/

Definitions

臽

1. (obsolete) pit; hole

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 臽 – see 陷 (“to submerge; to sink; to plunge; to be captured; etc.”). (This character, 臽, is an ancient form of 陷.)

References

• (Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 3), p. 186
• “臽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

臽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. pit
2. hole

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan), げん (gen), こん (kon)
• Kun: おとしあな (otoshiana)

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Korean

Hanja

臽 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham)

1. pit
2. hollow, hole