臽

See also: ⿱⺈旧

臽	U+81FD, 臽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FD

← 臼
[U+81FC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臾 →
[U+81FE]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

臽 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹難 (NHX), composition ⿱⺈臼(G) or ⿱勹臼(TJK))

pit, hole

Derived characters edit

啗, 埳, 𭒃, 𡸞, 㡊, 惂, 掐, 淊, 𤟅, 陷, 焰, 䐄, 𥇌, 𥓒, 𭧁, 𧚧, 𦁵, 𦜿, 蜭, 䘓, 𦥿, 諂(谄), 𧯰, 𮛫, 輡(𰺐), 𭕳, 錎, 𠮌, 𤏭, 𤎡, 餡(馅), 𩤂, 䱤(𱇻), 𪉦, 䶟
𠜼, 𢽣, 𢽶, 欿, 𤿷, 𥦶, 𦥵, 燄, 𩓟, 鵮(鹐), 萏, 𠕣, 窞, 𥮛, 𩭥, 閻(阎), 𠻍

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1003, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30177
Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 6
Unihan data for U+81FD

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		臽
2nd round simp.		⿱ク曰

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 臽
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
淊	ɡloːmʔ, qroːm, qroːms, lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	ɡloːmʔ, ɡluːms
啗	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
鵮	ʔr'oːm, kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	ljom, loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鹿 (“deer”) + 凵 (“pit”) – a deer falling into a trap.

From the bronze inscriptions, now an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 臼 (“trap”) – a person falling into a trap.

Original form of 陷.

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁶
  - Yale: haahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm²²/

Middle Chinese: khomX, heamH

Rime
Character	臽	臽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	苦感切	戸韽切
Baxter	khomX	heamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌm^X/	/ɦˠɛm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəm^X/	/ɦᵚæm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒm^X/	/ɣɐm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəm^X/	/ɦəɨm^H/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀm^X/	/ɣɐm^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɒm^X/	/ɣɐm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰăm^X/	/ɣăm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎn	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham²	haam⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤromʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːmʔ/, /*ɡroːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛm^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁromʔ-s/
English	small pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臽	臽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13545	13557
Phonetic component	臽	臽
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	坎	陷
Old Chinese	/*kʰloːmʔ/	/*ɡroːms/

Definitions edit

臽

(obsolete) pit; hole

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 臽 – see 陷 (“to submerge; to sink; to plunge; to be captured; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 陷).

References edit

(Cantonese) Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 3), p. 186
“臽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Shinjitai (extended)	⿱⺈旧
Kyūjitai	臽

Kanji edit

臽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿱⺈旧)

pit
hole

Readings edit

On (unclassified): かん (kan); げん (gen); こん (kon)
Kun: おとしあな (otoshiana)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

臽 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham)

pit
hollow, hole