鹿
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
鹿 (radical 198, 鹿+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈X心 (IXP), four-corner 00211, composition ⿸⿸广⿻コ⿰丨丨比)
- Kangxi radical #198, ⿅.
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1508, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47586
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4727, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9E7F
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
鹿 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 鹿 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (鹿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 鄜 | *pʰlo, *roːɡ |
| 鹿 | *b·roːɡ |
| 漉 | *roːɡ |
| 轆 | *roːɡ |
| 簏 | *roːɡ |
| 螰 | *roːɡ |
| 麓 | *roːɡ |
| 騼 | *roːɡ |
| 摝 | *roːɡ |
| 廘 | *roːɡ |
| 蔍 | *roːɡ |
| 鏕 | *roːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – a deer. Current form is highly abstracted – legs have transformed to 比 – note grouping of front and rear legs, which are bent – head has transformed to middle component (similar to 凸/曲), while antlers on top and extended lip/mouth on left transformed into 广. This transformation occurred during seal characters.
Contrast the very different development of 馬 (“horse”), and the transformation in 𢊁 (as in 薦), which has the head of 鹿 but the legs of 馬 (灬).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
鹿
SynonymsEdit
| Dialectal synonyms of 鹿 (“deer”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 鹿 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鹿 | |
| Taxonomic name | 鹿 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 鹿 |
| Taiwan | 鹿 | |
| Jinan | 鹿 | |
| Xi'an | 鹿 | |
| Wuhan | 鹿 | |
| Chengdu | 鹿子 | |
| Yangzhou | 鹿 | |
| Hefei | 鹿 | |
| Singapore | 鹿 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 鹿 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鹿 |
| Hong Kong | 鹿 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 鹿 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鹿 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 鹿 | |
| Yangjiang | 鹿 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | 鹿 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | 鹿 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鹿 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鹿仔 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鹿仔 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 鹿仔 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 鹿仔 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 鹿 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 鹿仔, 鹿 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 鹿 | |
| Hong Kong | 鹿 | |
| Senai | 鹿 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鹿兒 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 鹿 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 鹿 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 鹿 |
| Dongshan | 鹿 | |
| Taipei | 鹿仔 | |
| Kaohsiung | 鹿仔 | |
| Tainan | 鹿 | |
| Taichung | 鹿仔 | |
| Hsinchu | 鹿仔 | |
| Lukang | 鹿仔 | |
| Sanxia | 鹿仔 | |
| Yilan | 鹿仔 | |
| Kinmen | 鹿仔 | |
| Magong | 鹿 | |
| Penang | 鹿 | |
| Chaozhou | 鹿 | |
| Johor Bahru | 鹿 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 鹿 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 鹿 |
| Suzhou | 鹿 | |
| Wuxi | 鹿 | |
| Hangzhou | 鹿 | |
| Wenzhou | 鹿 | |
| Danyang | 鹿頭 | |
| Jinhua | 鹿 | |
| Ningbo | 鹿 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鹿 |
| Shuangfeng | 鹿 | |
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “Entry #8111”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ろく (roku)
- Kan-on: ろく (roku)
- Kun: か (ka, 鹿, Jōyō, uncommon); しか (shika, 鹿, Jōyō); かせぎ (kasegi, 鹿); かのしし (kanoshishi, 鹿); しし (shishi, 鹿)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| か Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 鹿沼 (Kanuma): Kanuma, Tochigi
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| しか Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
/seka/ → /sika/
Originally a compound of 夫 (se, “male”) + 鹿 (ka, “deer”), in contrast to 女鹿 (meka, “female deer”, archaic).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- deer
- 奈良公園には鹿しかいない。
- Nara kōen ni wa shika shika inai.
- There is nothing but deer in Nara Park.
- 奈良公園には鹿しかいない。
IdiomsEdit
- 鹿を逐う者は山を見ず (shika o ou mono wa yama o mizu): “someone chasing a deer doesn't see the mountain” → a metaphor for how someone who is fixed on a target can be oblivious to the challenges in the way
DescendantsEdit
- → English: sika deer
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| かせぎ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From the resemblance to a 桛木 (kasegi, “cross-shaped spindle; a branching point in a tree”)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
鹿 (hiragana かせぎ, rōmaji kasegi)
- (archaic) deer
- 1212: Hōjōki
- 山鳥のほろと鳴くを聞きても、父か母かと疑ひ、峰のかせぎの近くなれたるにつけても、世に遠ざかるほどを知る。
- Yamadori no horo to naku o kikite mo, chichi ka haha ka to utagahi, mine no kasegi no chikaku naretaru ni tsukete mo, yo ni tōzakaru hodo oshiru.
- Hearing the horo call of the mountain pheasant, wondering if it were my father or mother [calling from beyond the grave], and seeing how the deer on the ridge are so tame that they come close by, all of it shows me how far away I am from the world.
- 山鳥のほろと鳴くを聞きても、父か母かと疑ひ、峰のかせぎの近くなれたるにつけても、世に遠ざかるほどを知る。
- 1212: Hōjōki
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| かのしし Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 鹿 (ka, “deer”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 肉 (しし, “meat, flesh”).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
鹿 (hiragana かのしし, rōmaji kanoshishi)
Etymology 5Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| しし Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From 肉 (shishi, “meat, flesh”).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
鹿 (hiragana しし, rōmaji shishi)
- (archaic) a beast (used for its meat, such as a boar or a deer)
- short for 猪武者 (inoshishi musha): a reckless warrior
- short for 鹿狩り (shishi-gari): a deer hunter
- (slang) a female attendant at a bathhouse or hot spring
- (slang, archaic) a female prostitute at a bathhouse or hot spring
Usage notesEdit
The beast sense is more commonly spelled 獣.
Etymology 6Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鹿 |
| ろく Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 鹿 (luwk, “deer”). Compare modern Min Nan reading lo̍k.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- Ichiko, Teiji (1212) Hōjōki (Shintei), Iwanami Shoten, published 1989, →ISBN
- Nishio, Minoru (1957) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
鹿 • (rok, nok) (hangeul 록, 녹, revised rok, nok, McCune–Reischauer rok, nok, Yale lok, nok)
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