鹿

鹿 U+9E7F, 鹿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E7F ← 鹾 [U+9E7E] CJK Unified Ideographs 麀 → [U+9E80]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

鹿 (radical 198, 鹿+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈X心 (IXP), four-corner 0021₁, composition ⿸⿸广⿻コ⿰丨丨比)

1. Kangxi radical #198, ⿅.

Derived charactersEdit

• Index:Chinese radical/鹿
• 塵

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1508, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47586
• Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4727, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9E7F

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		鹿

鹿

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 鹿
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (鹿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
鄜	*pʰlo, *roːɡ
鹿	*b·roːɡ
漉	*roːɡ
轆	*roːɡ
簏	*roːɡ
螰	*roːɡ
麓	*roːɡ
騼	*roːɡ
摝	*roːɡ
廘	*roːɡ
蔍	*roːɡ
鏕	*roːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a deer. Current form is highly abstracted – legs have transformed to 比 – note grouping of front and rear legs, which are bent – head has transformed to middle component (similar to 凸/曲), while antlers on top and extended lip/mouth on left transformed into 广. This transformation occurred during seal characters.

Contrast the very different development of 馬 (“horse”), and the transformation in 𢊁 (as in 薦), which has the head of 鹿 but the legs of 馬 (灬).

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù (lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶, luk^6-2
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lu̍k
• Min Bei (KCR): lù
• Min Dong (BUC): lĕ̤k / lṳ̆k
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): loq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Wade–Giles: lu⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: luk⁶, luk^6-2
    • Yale: luhk, lúk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹, luk^9-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶, lug²
    • IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/, /lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: lug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lug⁶
    • IPA: /luk̚⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lù
    • IPA ^(key): /lu⁴²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lĕ̤k / lṳ̆k
    • IPA ^(key): /l̃øyʔ⁵/, /l̃yʔ⁵/

Note:

• lĕ̤k - vernacular;
• lṳ̆k - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k
  • Tâi-lô: lo̍k
  • Phofsit Daibuun: lok
  • IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹/
  • IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dêg⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
  • IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: loq (T5)
  • IPA ^(key): /lʊʔ¹²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 鹿
Mandarin	Beijing	/lu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lu⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lu⁵³/
	Jinan	/lu²¹/
	Qingdao	/lu²⁴/
	Zhengzhou	/lu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/lu²¹/
	Xining	/lv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nu³¹/
	Guiyang	/nu²¹/
	Kunming	/lu³¹/
	Nanjing	/luʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/luəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/luʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/loʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/loʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/loʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lɤu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/lu²²/
	Tunxi	/ləu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ləu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/nəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/luʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/luk̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/luk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lok̚²/
	Nanning	/luk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/luk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/løyʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/lu⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/tek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lok̚⁵/ /ʔdiak̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /luk̚/▼

Rime
Character	鹿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧谷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/luk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/luk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləwk̚/
Li Rong	/luk̚/
Wang Li	/luk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/luk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-rˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*b·roːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鹿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lù
Middle Chinese	‹ luwk ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-rˤok/
English	deer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鹿
Reading #	1/1
No.	8565
Phonetic component	鹿
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	禄
Old Chinese	/*b·roːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

鹿

1. deer
2. A surname​.

SynonymsEdit

• 鹿仔

CompoundsEdit

• 中原逐鹿
• 共挽鹿車／共挽鹿车
• 即鹿無虞／即鹿无虞
• 囷鹿
• 失鹿
• 小鹿兒／小鹿儿
• 指鹿為馬／指鹿为马 (zhǐlùwéimǎ)
• 撲鹿／扑鹿
• 斬蛇逐鹿／斩蛇逐鹿
• 梅花鹿
• 水鹿 (shuǐlù)
• 沙鹿
• 涿鹿 (Zhuōlù)
• 涿鹿之戰／涿鹿之战
• 涿鹿山
• 爭鹿／争鹿
• 白脣鹿／白唇鹿
• 白鹿
• 白鹿洞
• 白鹿紙／白鹿纸
• 腫骨鹿／肿骨鹿
• 船沉鉅鹿／船沉巨鹿
• 蕉鹿夢／蕉鹿梦
• 覆蕉尋鹿／覆蕉寻鹿

• 覆鹿尋蕉／覆鹿寻蕉
• 覆鹿遺蕉／覆鹿遗蕉
• 逐鹿 (zhúlù)
• 逐鹿中原
• 重赴鹿鳴／重赴鹿鸣
• 鉅鹿／巨鹿 (Jùlù)
• 鉅鹿之戰／巨鹿之战
• 鑿空指鹿／凿空指鹿
• 長頸鹿／长颈鹿 (chángjǐnglù)
• 雞鹿塞／鸡鹿塞
• 馴鹿／驯鹿 (xùnlù)
• 駝鹿／驼鹿 (tuólù)
• 鴻案鹿車／鸿案鹿车
• 鹿兒島／鹿儿岛 (Lù'érdǎo)
• 鹿場／鹿场
• 鹿寨
• 鹿巾 (lùjīn)
• 鹿柴
• 鹿死誰手／鹿死谁手 (lùsǐshéishǒu)
• 鹿特丹 (Lùtèdān)
• 鹿皮冠 (lùpíguān)
• 鹿盧／鹿卢
• 鹿砦 (lùzhài)
• 鹿脯

• 鹿臺／鹿台
• 鹿茸 (lùróng)
• 鹿草鄉／鹿草乡
• 鹿藿
• 鹿裘不完
• 鹿角 (lùjiǎo)
• 鹿角畫／鹿角画
• 鹿角菜
• 鹿谷鄉／鹿谷乡
• 鹿豕
• 鹿車／鹿车
• 鹿車共挽／鹿车共挽
• 鹿野鄉／鹿野乡
• 鹿門采藥／鹿门采药
• 鹿頂／鹿顶
• 鹿頭／鹿头 (Lùtóu)
• 鹿駭／鹿骇 (lùhài)
• 鹿鳴／鹿鸣
• 鹿鳴宴／鹿鸣宴 (lùmíngyàn)
• 麀鹿 (yōulù)
• 麋鹿 (mílù)
• 麋鹿之性
• 麑鹿 (nílù)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

鹿

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. deer

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ろく (roku)
• Kan’on: ろく (roku)
• Kun: か (ka, 鹿, Jōyō, uncommon); しか (shika, 鹿, Jōyō); かせぎ (kasegi, 鹿); かのしし (kanoshishi, 鹿); しし (shishi, 鹿)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

• 葦鹿 (あしか) (ashika): sea lion
• 大鹿 (おおじか) (ōjika): moose
• 氈鹿 (かもしか) (kamoshika): serow
• 鹿猪 (しかいのしし) (shikainoshishi): babirusa
• 鹿肉 (しかにく) (shikaniku): venison
• 麝香鹿 (じゃこうじか) (jakōjika): musk deer

• 馴鹿 (トナカイ) (tonakai), 馴鹿 (じゅんろく) (junroku): reindeer
• 日本鹿 (にほんじか) (nihonjika): sika deer
• 馬 (ば)鹿 (か) (baka): fool
• 麋鹿 (びろく) (biroku): moose and deer
• 箆鹿 (へらじか) (herajika): moose
• 鹿砦 (ろくさい) (rokusai): abatis

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
鹿
か Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠]

NounEdit

鹿 (hiragana か, rōmaji ka)

1. (archaic) deer

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

• 鹿沼 (かぬま) (Kanuma): Kanuma, Tochigi

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
鹿
しか Grade: S
kun’yomi

/seka/ → /sika/

Originally a compound of 夫 (se, “male”) +‎ 鹿 (ka, “deer”), in contrast to 女鹿 (meka, “female deer”, archaic).

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) しか [shìká] (Heiban – [0])
  • (Tokyo) しか​ [shìkáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [ɕi̥ka̠]

  • Audio

    (file)

NounEdit

鹿 (hiragana しか, rōmaji shika)

1. deer

   奈 (な)良 (ら)公 (こう)園 (えん)には鹿 (しか)しかいない。

   Nara kōen ni wa shika shika inai.

   There is nothing but deer in Nara Park.

IdiomsEdit

Idioms

• 鹿 (しか)を逐 (お)う者 (もの)は山 (やま)を見 (み)ず (shika o ou mono wa yama o mizu): “someone chasing a deer doesn't see the mountain” → a metaphor for how someone who is fixed on a target can be oblivious to the challenges in the way

DescendantsEdit

• → English: sika deer

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
鹿
かせぎ Grade: S
kun’yomi

From the resemblance to a 桛木 (kasegi, “cross-shaped spindle; a branching point in a tree”)

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠se̞ɡʲi]

NounEdit

鹿 (hiragana かせぎ, rōmaji kasegi)

1. (archaic) deer
   • 1212: Hōjōki

     山鳥 (やまどり)のほろと鳴 (な)くを聞 (き)きても、父 (ちち)か母 (はは)かと疑 (うたが)ひ、峰 (みね)のかせぎの近 (ちか)くなれたるにつけても、世 (よ)に遠 (とお)ざかるほどを知 (し)る。

     Yamadori no horo to naku o kikite mo, chichi ka haha ka to utagahi, mine no kasegi no chikaku naretaru ni tsukete mo, yo ni tōzakaru hodo oshiru.

     Hearing the horo call of the mountain pheasant, wondering if it were my father or mother [calling from beyond the grave], and seeing how the deer on the ridge are so tame that they come close by, all of it shows me how far away I am from the world.

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
鹿
かのしし Grade: S
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 鹿 (ka, “deer”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 肉 (しし, “meat, flesh”).

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠no̞ɕiɕi]

Alternative formsEdit

• 鹿の肉

NounEdit

鹿 (hiragana かのしし, rōmaji kanoshishi)

1. (archaic) deer
2. deer meat: venison

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
鹿
しし Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 肉 (shishi, “meat, flesh”).

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) し​し [shíꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ɕiɕi]

Alternative formsEdit

• 獣, 猪

NounEdit

鹿 (hiragana しし, rōmaji shishi)

1. (archaic) a beast (used for its meat, such as a boar or a deer)
2. short for 猪武者 (inoshishi musha): a reckless warrior
3. short for 鹿狩り (shishi-gari): a deer hunter
4. (slang) a female attendant at a bathhouse or hot spring
5. (slang, archaic) a female prostitute at a bathhouse or hot spring

Usage notesEdit

The beast sense is more commonly spelled 獣.

Etymology 6Edit

Kanji in this term
鹿
ろく Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 鹿 (luwk, “deer”). Compare modern Min Nan reading lo̍k.

PronunciationEdit

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ろく [ròkú] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [ɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

NounEdit

鹿 (hiragana ろく, rōmaji roku)

1. deer
2. venison or wild boar meat

ReferencesEdit

• Ichiko, Teiji (1212) Hōjōki (Shintei), Iwanami Shoten, published 1989, →ISBN
• Nishio, Minoru (1957) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

鹿 • (rok, nok) (hangeul 록, 녹, revised rok, nok, McCune–Reischauer rok, nok, Yale lok, nok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

鹿 (lộc, lê)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.