閻

See also: 閆, 阎, and 闫

閻	U+95BB, 閻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95BB

← 閺
[U+95BA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閼 →
[U+95BC]

Translingual

Han character

閻 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日弓弓竹難 (ANNHX), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿵門臽)

Derived characters

𠐩, 嚪, 壛, 𡣽, 𢸴, 㶄, 櫩, 爓, 𦢨, 𤯐, 𥌸, 䌪, 讇, 𨇝, 𧂄, 𥶿, 㿕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1337, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41379
Dae Jaweon: page 1842, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4305, character 11
Unihan data for U+95BB

Chinese

trad.		閻
simp.		阎
2nd round simp.		闫
alternative forms		閆／闫𨳔

Wikipedia has articles on:

閻姓 (Cantonese)
閻姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閻
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
淊	ɡloːmʔ, qroːm, qroːms, lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	ɡloːmʔ, ɡluːms
啗	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
鵮	ʔr'oːm, kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	ljom, loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Appears to be conflated with 嚴 in many lects.”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyan²
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): ien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngiàm

(Meixian, Guangdong): yam²
Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹
Northern Min (KCR): ngǐng / ngîng
Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): giâm / iâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gni; ⁶yi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyienn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲan²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim⁴
  - Yale: yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiamˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yam²
  - Sinological IPA: /iam¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐng / ngîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ²¹/, /ŋiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
  - Tâi-lô: giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâm
  - Tâi-lô: iâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam¹³/

Note:

giâm - vernacular (including surname);
iâm - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngiam⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gni; ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: nyi^去; yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi; ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/, /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyienn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/

Middle Chinese: yem

Rime
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余廉切
Baxter	yem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam/
Li Rong	/iɛm/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ][a]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*lom/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ yem ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ][a]m/
English	gate over street or lane
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
No.	13564
Phonetic component	臽
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鹽
Old Chinese	/*lom/

Definitions

閻

village gate
a surname
閻錫山／阎锡山 ― Yán Xīshān ― Yan Xishan

Usage notes

See 闫.

Compounds

窮閻漏屋／穷阎漏屋
閭閻／闾阎 (lǘyán)
閻君／阎君 (Yánjūn)
閻家河／阎家河 (Yánjiāhé)
閻摩／阎摩 (Yánmó)
閻浮／阎浮 (yánfú)
閻王／阎王 (Yánwáng)
閻羅／阎罗 (Yánluó)

Japanese

Kanji

閻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

village gate
good-looking
used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en); せん (sen)
Kun: ちまた (chimata); ひらく (hiraku); すすめる (susumeru)

Compounds

References

広辞苑　第六版 (Kōjien, 6th ed.)
漢字源 (Kanjigen)
学研漢和大字典 (Gakken Kanwa Daijiten)

Korean

Hanja

閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

閻: Hán Nôm readings: diêm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation