-hna

Albanian

Alternative forms

• -hem (Tosk, Standard)

Etymology

Personal suffix -hna is the Gheg variant of Tosk and Standard Albanian -hem (“I, me”). Compound of mediopassive marker h + -na (“I, me”) personal suffix. Indicating 1st person singular, indicative, present.

See Gheg Albanian -na for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hna/

Suffix

-hna

1. suffix used for 1st person singular (mediopassive voice) - indicative, present form. Not used for verbs ending with h- (such as shpreh, eh, etc.; in this case suffix -na is used)
2. Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice

   • active bâj (“I do, make, appear”) + -hna → mediopassive bâhna (“I become, turn into”)

   (in Tosk & Standard Alb.: bëj → bë[hem])

   • active aorist bôna (“I did, made”) → mediopassive aorist u + bôna (“I became, turned into”)

   (Tosk/Standard: bëra → u + bëra)

3. Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives

   • adjective shkurt (“short”) + o-stem + -hna → mediopassive verb shkurtohna (“I become short(er)”)

   (Tosk/Standard: shkurtoj → shkurto[hem])

   • active aorist shkurtova (“I shortened”) → mediopassive aorist u + shkurtova (“I became short(er)”)

Related terms

• -a
• ai
• ajo
• ata
• atë
• ato
• e
• -em
• -et
• -hem
• -het
• i
• ju
• -m
• -na
• në
• -o
• -ohet
• -oj
• -t
• ti
• u
• unë
• -va

 

Further reading

• [1] active bëj • "Fjalor Shqip" ('Albanian Dictionary')
• [2] mediopassive bëhem • "Fjalor Shqip" ('Albanian Dictionary')