-na
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
Related to unë (“I”) and maybe further to ne (“we”).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na
- Gheg form of -em, the mediopassive first-person singular indicative present ending.
- Gheg form of -mi, the active first-person plural indicative present ending.
- (ne) kena shumë punë për me bo.
- we have much work to do
Aymara edit
Suffix edit
-na
- possessive marker
Curripaco edit
Suffix edit
-na
- third person plural patient marker
References edit
- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na f (noun-forming suffix)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- -na in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Estonian edit
Suffix edit
-na
- Forms the essive case.
Usage notes edit
- The suffix is appended to the genitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.
Finnish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-na, from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.
Suffix edit
-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä)
- Forms the essive case.
- eräänä kauniina aamuna ― on a beautiful morning
- Ennen pidit minua kauniina.
- You used to think I was beautiful.
Usage notes edit
- The suffix is appended to the same stem as the illative suffixes, and also the partitive singular often uses the same stem.
- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the essive case is used.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *-na, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-na.
Suffix edit
-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä)
- Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in -sta.
- Forms some diminutive nouns.
Alternative forms edit
- -ina (reanalyzed into its own suffix)
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Garo edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
-na
- (inflectional suffix) forms the dative case
- reason
- Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?
- For what reason did you not catch the train?
See also edit
Hadza edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na
Hawaiian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na
- Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.
- ʻai → ʻaina
- piʻi → piʻina
Derived terms edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na
- (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes edit
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -nék | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anék | -enék | ||
te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anál | -enél | ||
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -na | -ne | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-ana | -ene | ||
mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anánk | -enénk | ||
ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anátok | -enétek | ||
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anának | -enének | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
See also edit
Ilocano edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
-na
- Third-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun; he, she, it
- Kayatna ti mangan. ― He/she/it wants to eat.
- Third-person singular possessive marker; his, her, its
- Naimas ti makanna. ― His/her/its food is delicious.
- Fossilized enclitic of some adverbials or auxiliary verbs
- Rebbengna nga addaka ditoy. ― You should be here.
- Kasla nga awan inggana ti utangna. ― His/her debt seems to be endless.
- Referential pronoun used in existential or relative clauses; the (adjective) (ones), those who, the ones who
- Tulongantayo dagiti awan balayna. ― Let's help the homeless. (Let's help those who do not have homes.)
- Naupay uray dagiti napigsa ti pakinakemna. ― Even the strong-willed (ones) became disheartened.
See also edit
Person | Number | Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | Possessive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disjunctive | Enclitic | Enclitic3 | bági form | kukua form | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First | singular | siak | -ak | -ko, -k | kaniak | bagik | kukuak, kuak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
dual | data, sita1 | -ta | kaniata, kadata | bagita | kukuata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural inclusive | datayo, sitayo1 | -tayo, -tay | kaniatayo, kadatayo | bagitayo | kukuatayo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural exclusive | dakami, sikami1 | -kami, -kam | -mi | kaniami, kadakami | bagimi | kukuami | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Second | singular | sika | -ka | -mo, -m | kaniam, kenka | bagim | kukuam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | dakayo, sikayo1 | -kayo, -kay | -yo | kaniayo, kadakayo | bagiyo | kukuayo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Third | singular | isu, isuna | Ø2 | -na | kaniana, kenkuana | bagina | kukuana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | isuda | -da | kaniada, kadakuada | bagida | kukuada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fused enclitics
|
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *-na. Cognates include Finnish -na.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na (front vowel variant -nä)
- Used to form action nouns from certain verbs related to sounds: -ing
- Used to form nouns that resembles a smaller version of the suffixed noun: -y
Declension edit
Declension of -na (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -na | -nat |
genitive | -nan | -nniin |
partitive | -nnaa | -nnia |
illative | -nnaa | -nnii |
inessive | -nas | -nis |
elative | -nast | -nist |
allative | -nalle | -nille |
adessive | -nal | -nil |
ablative | -nalt | -nilt |
translative | -naks | -niks |
essive | -nanna, -nnaan | -ninna, -nniin |
exessive1) | -nant | -nint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms edit
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na
- Alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “-na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Kambera edit
Pronoun edit
-na
See also edit
Laboya edit
Pronoun edit
-na
See also edit
Laz edit
Suffix edit
-na
- Latin spelling of -ნა (-na)
Makasar edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨊ)
See also edit
Maltese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na m or f
Related terms edit
Maori edit
Suffix edit
-na
- Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.
- a passive ending
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Murui Huitoto edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognates include Minica Huitoto -na and Nüpode Huitoto -na.
Classifier edit
-na
- Classifier for trees.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix edit
-na
- Alternative form of -a
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix edit
-na
- hypothetical conditional of -de
References edit
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[1], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages 197, 134
Old Norse edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *-inōną.
Suffix edit
-na
- Used to form inchoative verbs from adjectives
Conjugation edit
infinitive | -na | |
---|---|---|
present participle | -nandi | |
past participle | -naðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | -na | -naða |
2nd-person singular | -nar | -naðir |
3rd-person singular | -nar | -naði |
1st-person plural | -num | -nuðum |
2nd-person plural | -nið | -nuðuð |
3rd-person plural | -na | -nuðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | -na | -naða |
2nd-person singular | -nir | -naðir |
3rd-person singular | -ni | -naði |
1st-person plural | -nim | -naðim |
2nd-person plural | -nið | -naðið |
3rd-person plural | -ni | -naði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | -na | |
1st-person plural | -num | |
2nd-person plural | -nið |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂ and *-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.
Suffix edit
-na
- Used to form the genitive plural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns
- hjarta → hjartna
- saga → sagna
Etymology 3 edit
Suffix edit
-na
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Derived from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na f
- Forms feminine adjective-like nouns
Derived terms edit
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish -na, from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na f
- Forms feminine adjective-like nouns -ess
- Synonym: -ka
- arcyksiążę + -na → arcyksiężna
- Forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"
- Synonym: -owa
- arcyksiążę + -na → arcyksiężna
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Quechua edit
- Not to be confused with -ña
Suffix edit
-na
- Nominalizer, future perfect participle.
See also edit
Scots edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na
Swedish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the plural of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. Usually corresponds to Danish, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk -ne.
Alternative forms edit
- -a (used for fourth-declension nouns)
- -en (used for fifth-declension nouns not ending in -are)
- -ne (archaic, masculine)
Suffix edit
-na
- Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for nouns of the fourth and some of the fifth declension).
Usage notes edit
- In earlier Swedish, the suffix -na was only used for feminine nouns, while -ne was used for masculine nouns, thus "stenarne" (definite of stenar) and "kvinnorna" (definite of kvinnor) were used alongside each other. In attempts to try to produce archaic language, the suffix is sometimes changed to -ne in all positions, producing historically incorrect forms like "kvinnorne".
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse -na, from Proto-Germanic *-naną.
Suffix edit
-na
- -en; Used with some adjectives or verbal stems to form inchoative verbs
Usage notes edit
- Inchoative verb
- The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with an a are extinct or considered heavily archaic.
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Taos edit
Suffix edit
-na
- Singular number inflection. (See also: -ną, -nemą, -ne.)
Uneapa edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Oceanic *-ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-nia, from Proto-Austronesian *-nia.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-na
- A third-person singular possessive suffix.
Further reading edit
- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365
Volapük edit
Suffix edit
-na
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.