-na

See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Albanian edit

Etymology edit

Related to unë (“I”) and maybe further to ne (“we”).

Pronunciation edit

(Gheg) IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix edit

-na

Gheg form of -em, the mediopassive first-person singular indicative present ending.
bëhem／bâhna (“to become, turn into”)

zbehem／zbehna (“to turn pale”)
Gheg form of -mi, the active first-person plural indicative present ending.
(ne) kena shumë punë për me bo.
we have much work to do

Aymara edit

Suffix edit

-na

possessive marker

Curripaco edit

Suffix edit

-na

third person plural patient marker

References edit

Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ na]

Suffix edit

-na f (noun-forming suffix)

from nouns forms nouns referring to places
‎prodej + ‎-na → ‎prodejna

Derived terms edit

Czech terms suffixed with -na

Estonian edit

Suffix edit

-na

Forms the essive case.

Usage notes edit

The suffix is appended to the genitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.

Finnish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.

Suffix edit

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä)

Forms the essive case.
eräänä kauniina aamuna ― on a beautiful morning

Ennen pidit minua kauniina.
You used to think I was beautiful.

Usage notes edit

The suffix is appended to the same stem as the illative suffixes, and also the partitive singular often uses the same stem.
See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the essive case is used.

Derived terms edit

Finnish terms suffixed with -na (essive)

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-na.

Suffix edit

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä)

Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in -sta.
‎kutista (“to itch”) + ‎-na → ‎kutina (“itching”)
Forms some diminutive nouns.

Alternative forms edit

-ina (reanalyzed into its own suffix)

Derived terms edit

Finnish terms suffixed with -na (nominal)

Anagrams edit

-an

Garo edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix edit

-na

(inflectional suffix) forms the dative case
reason
Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?
For what reason did you not catch the train?

Hadza edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix edit

-na

a locative suffix
hama (“3rd person masculine singular proximal pronoun”) → hamana (“here”)

bee (“3rd person feminine plural given pronoun”) → beena (“there”)

himiggê (“3rd person masculine singular invisible pronoun”) → himiggêna (“in/behind there”)

Hawaiian edit

Etymology edit

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Per the -na entry at Wehewehe, there's also a passive suffix -na, as well as some kind of possessive suffix -na, both from Proto-Polynesian *-na.”

From Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /na/, [nə]

Suffix edit

-na

Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.
ʻai → ʻaina

piʻi → piʻina

Derived terms edit

Hawaiian terms suffixed with -na

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [nɒ]

Suffix edit

-na

(personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
olvas (“to read”) → olvasna (“he/she would read”)

Usage notes edit

Conditional indefinite – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
Person		Back vowel	unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-nék
én	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anék	-enék
te	2nd person singular	-nál	-nél
te	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anál	-enél
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	-na	-ne
ő maga ön	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-ana	-ene
mi	1st person plural	-nánk	-nénk
mi	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anánk	-enénk
ti	2nd person plural	-nátok	-nétek
ti	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anátok	-enétek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nának	-nének
ők maguk önök	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anának	-enének
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

(personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
-na is added to most back vowel verbs
vár (“to wait”) → várna (“he/she would wait”)

-ne is added to most front vowel verbs
kér (“to ask”) → kérne (“he/she would ask”)

-ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)
mond (“to say something”) → mondana (“he/she would say something”)

tanít (“to teach”) → tanítana (“he/she would teach”)

-ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t
fest (“to paint”) → festene (“he/she would paint”)

segít (“to help”) → segítene (“he/she would help”)

Ilocano edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /na/

Pronoun edit

-na

Third-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun; he, she, it
Kayatna ti mangan. ― He/she/it wants to eat.
Third-person singular possessive marker; his, her, its
Naimas ti makanna. ― His/her/its food is delicious.
Fossilized enclitic of some adverbials or auxiliary verbs
Rebbengna nga addaka ditoy. ― You should be here.

Kasla nga awan inggana ti utangna. ― His/her debt seems to be endless.
Referential pronoun used in existential or relative clauses; the (adjective) (ones), those who, the ones who
Tulongantayo dagiti awan balayna. ― Let's help the homeless. (Let's help those who do not have homes.)

Naupay uray dagiti napigsa ti pakinakemna. ― Even the strong-willed (ones) became disheartened.

Ingrian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *-na. Cognates include Finnish -na.

Pronunciation edit

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-nɑ/, [-nɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-nɑ/, [-nɑ]

Suffix edit

-na (front vowel variant -nä)

Used to form action nouns from certain verbs related to sounds: -ing
Used to form nouns that resembles a smaller version of the suffixed noun: -y

Declension edit

Declension of -na (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	-na	-nat
genitive	-nan	-nniin
partitive	-nnaa	-nnia
illative	-nnaa	-nnii
inessive	-nas	-nis
elative	-nast	-nist
allative	-nalle	-nille
adessive	-nal	-nil
ablative	-nalt	-nilt
translative	-naks	-niks
essive	-nanna, -nnaan	-ninna, -nniin
exessive¹⁾	-nant	-nint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms edit

Ingrian terms suffixed with -na

Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /nˠə/

Suffix edit

-na

Alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)

Kambera edit

Pronoun edit

-na

third person singular genitive enclitic

Laboya edit

Pronoun edit

-na

third person singular subject enclitic
third person singular possessive enclitic

Laz edit

Suffix edit

-na

Latin spelling of -ნა (-na)

Makasar edit

Alternative forms edit

-nna

Etymology edit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [na]

Suffix edit

-na (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

his, her, its, their (third person singular and plural)

Maltese edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic ـنَا‎ (-nā).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix edit

-na m or f

1st-person plural pronominal suffix: our; us
Synonym: tagħna

‎jinsa (“he forgets”) + ‎-na → ‎jinsiena (“he forgets us”)

‎dar (“home”) + ‎-na → ‎darna (“our home”)

Related terms edit

aħna

Maori edit

Suffix edit

-na

Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.
a passive ending

Derived terms edit

Maori terms suffixed with -na

Murui Huitoto edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [-na]

Etymology 1 edit

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -na and Nüpode Huitoto -na.

Classifier edit

-na

Classifier for trees.

Derived terms edit

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -na

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix edit

-na

Alternative form of -a

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix edit

-na

hypothetical conditional of -de

References edit

Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[1], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages 197, 134

Old Norse edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Germanic *-inōną.

Suffix edit

-na

Used to form inchoative verbs from adjectives

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -na — active (weak class 2)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	-na
present participle	-nandi
past participle	-naðr
1st-person singular	-na	-naða
2nd-person singular	-nar	-naðir
3rd-person singular	-nar	-naði
1st-person plural	-num	-nuðum
2nd-person plural	-nið	-nuðuð
3rd-person plural	-na	-nuðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	-na	-naða
2nd-person singular	-nir	-naðir
3rd-person singular	-ni	-naði
1st-person plural	-nim	-naðim
2nd-person plural	-nið	-naðið
3rd-person plural	-ni	-naði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	-na
1st-person plural	-num
2nd-person plural	-nið

Derived terms edit

Old Norse terms suffixed with -na

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂ and *-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.

Suffix edit

-na

Used to form the genitive plural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns
hjarta → hjartna

saga → sagna

Etymology 3 edit

Suffix edit

-na

inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
1. feminine accusative singular
2. masculine accusative plural

Old Polish edit

Etymology edit

Derived from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /naː/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /nɒ/

Suffix edit

-na f

Forms feminine adjective-like nouns

Derived terms edit

Old Polish terms suffixed with -na

Polish edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Polish -na, from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /na/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: na
Homophone: na

Suffix edit

-na f

Forms feminine adjective-like nouns -ess
Synonym: -ka

‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna
Forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"
Synonym: -owa

‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

Declension edit

Declension of -na

	singular	plural
nominative	-na	-ne/-ny
genitive	-nej/-ny	-nych/-en/-n
dative	-nej/-nie	-nym/-nom
accusative	-ną/-nę	-ne/-ny
instrumental	-ną	-nymi/-nami
locative	-nej/-nie	-nych/-nach
vocative	-no	-ne/-ny

Derived terms edit

Polish terms suffixed with -na

Quechua edit

Not to be confused with -ña

Suffix edit

-na

Nominalizer, future perfect participle.
llamk'ay (“to work”) → llamk'ana (“tool, work to be done”)

mikhuy (“to eat”) → mikhuna (“food, meal”)

Scots edit

Alternative forms edit

-nae

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /-nə/, /-nɪ/

Suffix edit

-na

-n't
didna ("did not")

canna ("can not")

daurna ("dare not")

michtna ("might not")

Swedish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From the plural of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. Usually corresponds to Danish, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk -ne.

Alternative forms edit

-a (used for fourth-declension nouns)
-en (used for fifth-declension nouns not ending in -are)
-ne (archaic, masculine)

Suffix edit

-na

Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for nouns of the fourth and some of the fifth declension).
‎stolar (“chairs”) + ‎-na → ‎stolarna (“the chairs”)

‎lärare (“teachers”) + ‎-na → ‎lärarna (“the teachers”)

Usage notes edit

In earlier Swedish, the suffix -na was only used for feminine nouns, while -ne was used for masculine nouns, thus "stenarne" (definite of stenar) and "kvinnorna" (definite of kvinnor) were used alongside each other. In attempts to try to produce archaic language, the suffix is sometimes changed to -ne in all positions, producing historically incorrect forms like "kvinnorne".

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Norse -na, from Proto-Germanic *-naną.

Suffix edit

-na

-en; Used with some adjectives or verbal stems to form inchoative verbs
‎trött (“tired”) + ‎-na → ‎tröttna (“to tiren, become tired”)

Usage notes edit

Inchoative verb: The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with an a are extinct or considered heavily archaic.

Derived terms edit

Swedish terms suffixed with -na

Anagrams edit

-an, an, an-

Taos edit

Suffix edit

-na

Singular number inflection. (See also: -ną, -nemą, -ne.)

Uneapa edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Oceanic *-ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-nia, from Proto-Austronesian *-nia.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix edit

-na

A third-person singular possessive suffix.

Volapük edit

Suffix edit

-na

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

	Subject	Subject/Possessive	Object
Person
1sg	gu-	-gu	-ga
2sg	mu-	-mu	-gu
3sg	na-	-na	-ni
1pl.incl	da-	-da	-da
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-gama
2pl	mi-	-mi	-gimi
3pl	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

	Independent	Absolutive	Nominative	Possessive
1^st sg / 1^st pl excl	nakke	-a'	ku-	-ku
1^st pl excl (archaic)	kambe	-kang	ki-	-mang
1^st pl incl / 2^nd sg polite	katte	-ki'	ki-	-ta
2^nd sg / pl familiar	kau	-ko	nu-	-nu
3^rd sg / pl	ia	-i	na-	-na

	singular	dual	plural
1st person (exclusive)	au, ahau	māua	mātou
1st person (inclusive)	au, ahau	tāua	tātou
2nd person	koe	kōrua	koutou
3rd person	ia	rāua	rātou

-na

Albanian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Aymara edit

Suffix edit

Curripaco edit

Suffix edit

References edit

Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Estonian edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Finnish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

Alternative forms edit

Derived terms edit

Anagrams edit

Garo edit

Etymology edit

Suffix edit

See also edit

Hadza edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Hawaiian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

See also edit

Ilocano edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

See also edit

Ingrian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

Irish edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Further reading edit

Kambera edit

Pronoun edit

See also edit

Laboya edit

Pronoun edit

See also edit

Laz edit

Suffix edit

Makasar edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

See also edit

Maltese edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Related terms edit

Maori edit