-si-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

Finnish

Etymology

Originally from the plural stem of -nen.

Interfix

-si-

Used in adverbs between a noun (usually referring to an article of clothing) and an external location case ending (adessive, allative, ablative) to refer to a state where one is (only) wearing that clothing.
Used in adverbs between a noun and an external location case ending with a more generic diminutive meaning.

Usage notes

-si- is always placed before the case ending, but it is basically arbitrary whether it attaches to the singular or plural stem of any given word. It appears that it is always attached to the strong stem for nouns that have gradation. Even further, in some cases it is preceded by an unetymological -i-, probably extracted by analogy from actually regular plural stems. The nominal form obtained as a result of attaching the locative case ending is considered to be in plural.

Only cases where the corresponding -nen derivative does not exist as an independent noun can be considered to use -si-, which has developed from the inflected forms of those derivatives by analogy, specifically.

Derived terms

Lithuanian

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Looks a lot like it's related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen (“oneself”) and Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self; reflexive pronoun”). Compare Italian si (“oneself”).”

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Affix

-si-

(in verbs) reflexive affix which joins the prefix of a verb to the root
atsitikti ― to happen

pasiimti ― take (by self)

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami	ـسِ, ـسِـ

Infix

-si-

(with suffix -e) negative subjunctive marker
ili nisile ― such that I would not eat
- 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:
  هُنِلِزِ نَمِ كَلِ بَيْنِ ، لِوَاپُ نَسُرَ نِسِ كَتَيْ
  Hunelezi nami kali baini, liwapo na-sura nisi katae.
  Can't you tell it me plainly that I may admit it?
1. negative imperative marker
  wasikisome ― they should not read it
negative relative marker
mtoto asiyekuja ― the child who does not come
Only used in -singe- and -singali-, negative marker for the conditional mood

Conjugation

Conjugation of *-si-*
		singular	plural
1st person		nisi-	tusi-
2nd person		usi-	msi-
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	asi-	wasi-
	m-mi_(III/IV)	usi-	isi-
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	lisi-	yasi-
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	kisi-	visi-
	n_(IX/X)	isi-	zisi-
	u_(XI)	usi-	see n_(X) or ma_(VI)
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kusi-
	pa_(XVI)	pasi-
	mu_(XVIII)	msi-

For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs.

Initial
- Positive infinitive: ku-/kw-¹
- Negative infinitive: kuto-
- Habitual: hu-¹
- Telegrammic: ka-¹
Final
- General (positive indicative): -a
- Positive subjunctive: -e
- Negative present: -i
- Second person plural: -ni
Infix position positive subject concord
- Positive past: -li-
- Positive present: -na-
- Positive future: -ta-
- Negative subjunctive: -si-¹
- Positive present conditional: -nge-
- Negative present conditional: -singe-
- Positive past conditional: -ngali-
- Negative past conditional: -singali-
- Gnomic: -a-¹
- Perfect: -me-
- "Already" past: -lisha-
- "Already" present: -mesha-/-sha-
- "If/When": -ki-¹
- "If not": -sipo-
- Consecutive: -ka-¹
Infix position negative subject concord
- Negative past: -ku-¹
- Negative future: -ta-
- "Not yet": -ja-¹
- Negative present conditional: -nge-
- Negative past conditional: -ngali-
Relative
- Past: -li-
- Present: -na-
- Future: -taka-
- Negative: -si-

¹ Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.