-ni
Central NahuatlEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
Classical NahuatlEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
Derived termsEdit
CurripacoEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- third person singular masculine patient marker
ReferencesEdit
- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398
FinnishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -in (poetic)
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Originally the first-person possessive suffix for words in plural, with -mi used for singular words; the latter is now only found in dialects. Compare Erzya -м (-m).
SuffixEdit
-ni
- (possessive) First-person singular possessive suffix used with or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun my
- (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), me
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause
- (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.
- Väitin tehneeni läksyjäni.
- I claimed to have been doing my homework.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.
- Tehdessäni läksyjäni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
- (While) doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.
- Tehtyäni läksyni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.
- (After) having done / After doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.
- (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the long first infinitive.
- Tehdäkseni läksyni hyvin (minä) menin hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (In order) to do my homework well, I went into a quiet room.
- (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "I"
- Olen hyvin pahoillani siitä.
- I am very sorry about it.
- (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "I".
- Kävelin kirjoineni ovesta ulos.
- I walked with my books out the door.
Usage notesEdit
- The possessive suffix -ni is compulsory in standard Finnish. In standard Finnish, when expressing ownership or before a postposition, the genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun minä before the main word can be omitted. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -ni is very rare and only the genitive form minun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
- Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi (“into your house”).
- The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
GaroEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-ni
- (inflectional suffix) forms the genitive case
See alsoEdit
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- (infinitive suffix) Used to form the infinitive.
- Concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -nak/-nek.
- Elindulni elindul, de rögtön le is áll. ― It does start, but it turns off right away.
- (somewhat dated or literary, with the omission of lehet) one can…, it is possible to…
- Innen már látni a falut. ― One can already see the village from here.
Usage notesEdit
- (infinitive suffix) Variants:
See alsoEdit
IcelandicEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni f
- Nominalizes a verb or adjective.
Derived termsEdit
KarelianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Cognates include Finnish -ni.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 47
MalteseEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni m or f
- 1st-person singular pronominal suffix, attached to verbs: me
Related termsEdit
Mecayapan NahuatlEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Classical Nahuatl -ni.
VerbEdit
-ni
- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Derived termsEdit
Old IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *snīs (“we”) (compare Welsh ni).
SuffixEdit
-ni
- 1st person plural emphatic suffix
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Person | Emphatic suffixes |
---|---|
1 sg. | -se, -sa |
2 sg. | -siu, -so, -su |
3 sg. m.n. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
3 sg. f. | -si |
1 pl. | -ni, -nai, -sni |
2 pl. | -si |
3 pl. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
Old NorseEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- positive degree weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (adjective suffix)
- weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (participle suffix)
- third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of -na (inchoative verb suffix)
Old PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nь.
SuffixEdit
-ni
- Forms adjectives.
Derived termsEdit
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old Polish -ni.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- Forms adjectives.
- Forms masculine adjectives relating to place.
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
QuechuaEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- First-person singular subject.
- Epenthetic suffix inserted between consonant clusters.
- yachachiq (“teacher”) + -y (“my”) → *yachachiqy → yachachiqniy (“my teacher”)
See alsoEdit
RomaniEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī). Cognate with Hindi -नी (-nī).
SuffixEdit
-ni f
SuffixEdit
-ni f
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “-ni”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 130
SicilianEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- added to words that are stressed on the final syllable to move stress to the penultimate syllable
SwahiliEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
Usage notesEdit
- (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the direct imperative to form the plural. With native (Bantu)/nativized verbs in -a, vowel changes to -e:
- (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the class 1 (personal) object affix -wa- to disambiguate the second-person plural from the third person plural; verbs in -a change this to -e before the affix:
- Niliwasomeeni (I read to you) vs. Niliwasomea (I read to them)
WarlpiriEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 5 to indicate non-past tense
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
Usage notesEdit
-ni causes i-affection of internal vowels.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ni”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
ZaghawaEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- family (used in compounds)
ReferencesEdit
- Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
ZuluEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
-ni
- what
- Udlani? ― What are you eating?
- Yini lokhu? ― What is this?
Usage notesEdit
Unlike other pronouns, -ni always appears attached to another word. However, it does have a copulative form yini.
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ni
- Forms the plural of the imperative of verbs.
ReferencesEdit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”