English

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Pronunciation

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Infix

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-li-

  1. (pharmacology) a shortened allomorph of the monoclonal antibody affix -lim-, used before the affixes -xi- and -zu- for ease of pronunciation

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Swahili

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Etymology 1

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From -li, a stem of -wa (to be).[1]

Infix

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-li-

  1. positive past tense marker
    Antonym: -ku-
    walikulathey ate
    aliyelalathe person who was asleep
    • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
      Ilikuwa kiasi cha saa moja-unusu ya usiku Kasim alipopanda ngazi pana zilizotandikwa zulia au blanketi nene, zilizoongoza kufikia ghorofa akaayo baba yake, Bw. Hakimu Marjani.
      It was about half past seven in the night when Kasim went up the wide stairs covered with carpets or thick blankets, which led to the floor where resided his father, Mr Hakimu Marjani.
Usage notes
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This marker can be used in both nonrelative and relative verbs.

Conjugation
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Conjugation of -li-
singular plural
1st person nili- tuli-
2nd person uli- mli-
3rd
person
m-wa(I/II) ali- wali-
m-mi(III/IV) uli- ili-
ji-ma(V/VI) lili- yali-
ki-vi(VII/VIII) kili- vili-
n(IX/X) ili- zili-
u(XI) uli- see n(X) or ma(VI)
ku(XV/XVII) kuli-
pa(XVI) pali-
mu(XVIII) mli-

For more information, see Appendix:Swahili verbs.

See also
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Infix

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-li-

  1. it, ji class(V) object concord
See also
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Swahili verbal concords (third person)
class subject concord object concord relative
affirmative negative
m(I) a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- -ye
wa(II) wa- hawa- -wa- -o
m(III) u- hau- -u- -o
mi(IV) i- hai- -i- -yo
ji(V) li- hali- -li- -lo
ma(VI) ya- haya- -ya- -yo
ki(VII) ki- haki- -ki- -cho
vi(VIII) vi- havi- -vi- -vyo
n(IX) i- hai- -i- -yo
n(X) zi- hazi- -zi- -zo
u(XI) u- hau- -u- -o
ku(XV/XVII) ku- haku- -ku- -ko
pa(XVI) pa- hapa- -pa- -po
mu(XVIII) m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -mu- -mo

For a full table including first and second person,
see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns

References

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  1. ^ John H. McWhorter (1992) “NI and the Copula System in Swahili: A Diachronic Approach”, in Diachronica, volume 9, number 1, →DOI, pages 15–46