ku-
IndonesianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Malay ku-, from ku, shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ku-
- I (personal pronoun)
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “ku-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
KamberaEdit
PronounEdit
ku-
- first person singular nominative proclitic
See alsoEdit
MakasarEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ku- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ)
See alsoEdit
MalayEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From ku, shortened form of aku, from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ku- (Jawi spelling کو-) (informal)
- I (personal pronoun)
- Kutahu.
- I know.
- Kutahu.
See alsoEdit
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | standard | saya / ساي aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possessive) hamba / همبا (dated) |
kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive) |
royal | beta / بيتا | ||
2nd person | standard | kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal) | |
engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possessive) |
kalian / کاليان kamu semua / كامو سموا kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal) | ||
royal | tuanku / توانكو | ||
3rd person | standard | dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possessive) |
mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal) |
royal | baginda / بݢيندا |
MaquiritariEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ku-
- Allomorph of k- (first-person-dual-inclusive prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowel u.
InflectionEdit
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u- | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki- | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-, ch-, ∅-, i- | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- |
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Northern NdebeleEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- you; second-person singular object concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
PhuthiEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- you; second-person singular object concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
Etymology 4Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
Southern NdebeleEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- you; second-person singular object concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
SwahiliEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- (before a vowel) kw-
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
PrefixEdit
ku-
- The prefix for noun class 15 denoting verbal infinitives.
- The prefix for noun class 17 denoting a locative that implies movement or indeterminate position.
See alsoEdit
SwaziEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- you; second-person singular object concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- Class 15 noun prefix; forms the infinitive of verbs.
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
Etymology 4Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
TaosEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
ku-
- (transitive) Second-person singular subject + third person duoplural object.
Tocharian AEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-. Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō), Sanskrit जुहोति (juhoti), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundō, fūtis and Old English ġēotan, guttas (English gut).
VerbEdit
ku-
Tocharian BEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-. Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω (khéō), Sanskrit जुहोति (juhoti), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundō, fūtis and Old English ġēotan, guttas (English gut).
VerbEdit
ku-
XhosaEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- you; second-person singular object concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
ZuluEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
kú-
- you; second-person singular object concord.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- Class 15 simple noun prefix.
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
kú-
Etymology 4Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ̀-.
PrefixEdit
ku-
- Class 17 simple noun prefix.
Etymology 5Edit
From Proto-Bantu *kʊ́-.
PrefixEdit
kú-
ReferencesEdit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ku-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ku-”