Wiktionary

i-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "i"

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English i-, y-, ȝe-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱó-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, near, by, along”). Cognate with Dutch ge-, Low German ge-, je-, e-, German ge-.

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. (obsolete) Used to form past participles of verbs. Alternative spelling of y-

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin ī-, assimilated form of in- used before g-.

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. A form of the prefix in-, used before gn, as in ignoble, ignominy, and ignore.
SynonymsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. (Jamaica) Used to transform English words into words used by Rastafarians with a special meaning.

See alsoEdit

Etymology 4Edit

Popularized in the name of the iMac line of computers (1998).

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Alluding to the Internet.
    Coordinate term: (electronic) e-
  2. Alluding to digital devices and computer programs, especially those that are cutting-edge or fashionable, and those from Apple.
    Coordinate term: (alluding to McDonald's) Mc-
    ‎i- + ‎pod → ‎iPod
    ‎i- + ‎phone → ‎iPhone
    • 1999, Melissa August, “Ad Infinitum”, in Time, v 154, November 1, p 39:
      I-WHAT?! Seems everyone's ripping off the iMac idea. Take this parody ad for the fruity-colored “iBrator” at sleeplessknights.com.
    • 2011, Scotty Smith, Everyday Prayers: 365 Days to a Gospel-Centered Faith, Baker Books, →ISBN, page 178:
      In our “iWorld” of new gadgets and cool widgets, help us to ponder the reality that over half of the population on the earth exists on three of our American dollars, or less, a day.
Derived termsEdit
English terms prefixed with i-

ChoctawEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • (first-person, we): IPA(key): /iː/

PrefixEdit

ī- (before vowels il-, class I first-person plural)

  1. the subject of an active transitive verb
    we
  2. the subject of an active intransitive verb
    we
InflectionEdit
Choctaw Person Markers
class I class II class III class N imperative
+s +C +V +C/i +a/o +C +V +C +V +C +V
first-person singular initial -li sa- si- a- am- ak- n/a
medial -sa- -sam-
paucal ī- il- pi- pi- pim- kī- kil-
plural hapi- hapi- hapim-
second-person singular is- ish- chi- chi- chim- chik- ∅
plural has- hash- hachi- hachi- hachim- hachik- ho- oh-
third-person ∅ ∅ i- im- ik-

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • (third-person; him, her, etc.): IPA(key): /ĩː/

PrefixEdit

i̱- (before vowels im-, class III third-person)

  1. the indirect object of an active transitive verb
    to him, her, it or them; for him, her, it or them
  2. the subject of an intransitive affective verb
    he, she, it or they
  3. the direct object of a small set of transitive verbs mostly dealing with affect, communication and intimacy
    him, her, it or them
  4. indicates possession of a noun
    his, her, its or their
    hattak i̱katos
    the man's cat
InflectionEdit
Choctaw Person Markers
class I class II class III class N imperative
+s +C +V +C/i +a/o +C +V +C +V +C +V
first-person singular initial -li sa- si- a- am- ak- n/a
medial -sa- -sam-
paucal ī- il- pi- pi- pim- kī- kil-
plural hapi- hapi- hapim-
second-person singular is- ish- chi- chi- chim- chik- ∅
plural has- hash- hachi- hachi- hachim- hachik- ho- oh-
third-person ∅ ∅ i- im- ik-

CurripacoEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. second person plural agent marker

ReferencesEdit

  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

The i vowel common to other correlatives, such as ki- and ti-, without the defining consonant.

PronunciationEdit

  • Audio(file)

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Any-, some-. (Indeterminate correlative prefix.)

Derived termsEdit

Esperanto terms prefixed with i-

ItalianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Assimilated form of in-, before s- + consonant.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /i/
  • Syllabification: i-

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Alternative form of in-

KamberaEdit

PronounEdit

i-

  1. Alternative form of mi-

See alsoEdit

Kambera pronominal clitics
Nominative Genitive Accusative Dative
1sg ku- -nggu -ka -ngga
2sg mu- (u-) -mu -kau -nggau
3sg na- -na -ya -nya
1pl.incl ta- -nda -ta -nda
1pl.excl ma- -ma -kama -nggama
2pl mi- (i-) -mi -kami (-kai) -nggami (-nggai)
3pl da- -da -ha -nja

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

Assimilated form of in-, before gn-.

PrefixEdit

ī-

  1. Alternative form of in-

MalagasyEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. prefix element of i- -ana

See alsoEdit

MaquiritariEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.
  2. Forms part of the circumfix allomorphs of various adverbializers, i- -jai, i- -'da, and i- -emje, used for stems that begin with two consonants.

InflectionEdit

Maquiritari personal markers (Ye’kwana dialect)
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u- w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-
second person amödö ö-, öy-, o-, oy-, a-, ay- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-, ch-, ∅-, i- chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

Middle EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-.

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Alternative form of y-

MohawkEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. translocative, indicating motion away from the speaker
  2. epenthetic vowel added to certain verb forms
  3. Alternative form of ka- (before o- and on-stems)

ReferencesEdit

  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 11
  • Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 105, 173

Murui HuitotoEdit

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

i-

  1. Unspecific non-perceivable demonstrative: a, an

Derived termsEdit

Murui Huitoto terms prefixed with i-

ReferencesEdit

  • Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎[1], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 161

Northern NdebeleEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Etymology 2Edit

Contracted from earlier ili-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.

Etymology 3Edit

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

Etymology 4Edit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

ī-

  1. same, selfsame

Derived termsEdit

Old English terms prefixed with i-

PhuthiEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-n-.

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Class 9 noun prefix.

Etymology 3Edit

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

Etymology 4Edit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.

PortugueseEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Alternative form of in-, used before l, m and n.

Southern NdebeleEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

SpanishEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Alternative form of in-, used before l.

SwaziEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

TagalogEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-.

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something (expresses various kinds of actions)
    ‎i- + ‎bili (“buy”) → ‎ibili (“to buy something for someone”)
    Ibili mo ako ng saging.
    Buy me bananas.
  2. agent trigger: to do something to a person or a thing (expresses various kinds of actions)
    ‎i- + ‎tapon (“throw”) → ‎itapon (“to throw”)
    Itapon mo 'yan sa basurahan.
    Throw that to the garbage.
  3. instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose (expresses various kinds of actions)
    ‎i- + ‎sulat (“write”) → ‎isulat (“to use something for writing”)
    Isulat mo ng listahan ang lapis.
    Use the pencil to write a list.

Derived termsEdit

Tagalog terms prefixed with i-

Further readingEdit

TaosEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. (transitive) First person plural subject + third person singular object.
  2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
  3. (transitive) Third person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
  4. (transitive) Third person plural subject + third person singular object.
  5. (formative) Third person plural subject.

TernateEdit

PronounEdit

i- (Jawi إ-‎)

  1. (non-human) third-person singular clitic, it
  2. (human) third-person plural clitic, they
  3. (masculine) third-person singular possessive prefix, his
    Synonym: ai-

See alsoEdit

Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

ReferencesEdit

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tocharian AEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Compare Tocharian B i-.

VerbEdit

i-

  1. to go

Tocharian BEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, whence also Tocharian A i-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Cognate with Latin eō and Polish iść, both of the same meaning. The preterite form of this term, mäs-, is from Proto-Indo-European *mew- (“to move”), and as such the term is suppletive in conjugation.

VerbEdit

i-

  1. to go

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “i-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 65-66

West MakianEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

i-

  1. third-person singular clitic, he, she, it
    ico ― he sees
    pala ne ilamo ― this house is large

XhosaEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Etymology 2Edit

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.

Etymology 3Edit

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

i- (medial yi-)

  1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

YorubaEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA(key): /ì/

PrefixEdit

ì-

  1. abstract or instrument nominalizing prefix
Usage notesEdit

Forms both abstract and concrete nouns:

Derived termsEdit
Yoruba terms prefixed with i- (nominalizing prefix)

Etymology 2Edit

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA(key): /ī/

PrefixEdit

i-

  1. non-gerundive nominalizing prefix
Derived termsEdit
Yoruba terms prefixed with i-

ZuluEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

í- (medial yí-)

  1. they; class 4 subject concord.

Etymology 2Edit

Contracted from earlier íli-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

PrefixEdit

î-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Etymology 3Edit

PrefixEdit

í-

  1. Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.

Etymology 4Edit

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.

PrefixEdit

í- (medial yí-)

  1. he, she, it; class 9 subject concord.

ReferencesEdit

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