ka-
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Page categories
English
editPrefix
editka-
- Alternative form of ker-
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editBikol Central
editEtymology
editPrefix
editka-
- Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-
Derived terms
editCebuano
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editPrefix
editka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)
- (added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness
- (added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how...
- (added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editEtymology 2
editPrefix
editka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)
- Short for maka-.
Chichewa
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *kà-
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editka-
- noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning
Gabadi
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editka-
- marks the first-person plural inclusive ("we, including you") subject on a verb
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24). Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [working paper, draft created november 2013; editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online: [1]. For the prefix ka-, see page 23, section "5.1.1 subject marking".
Japanese
editRomanization
editka-
Javanese
editRomanization
editka-
- Romanization of ꦏ-
Kangean
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editka- (verb base)
- accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb
Kapampangan
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
- implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root
- implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun
- implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable
- ka- + gulisak (“shout”) → kagugulisak (“repeatedly shouting”)
- ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)
- implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables
- ka- + dapat (“should”) → karapat-dapat (“deserving”)
- ka- + santing (“handsome”) → kasanting-santing (“wonderful”)
- implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by pamu
- ka- + datang (“come”) → kadaratang (“recently arrived”)
- ka- + punta (“go”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)
- implies emphatic, before an adjective, non-productive and followed by na, da or ta
Derived terms
editSee also
editKimbundu
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *kà-.
Prefix
editka- (plural tu-)
- noun class prefix, used with a diminutive meaning
Derived terms
editMinangkabau
editPrefix
editka-
- Used to form ordinal numbers
Mohawk
editPrefix
editka-
- third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix
Alternative forms
edit- | Initial consonant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment | t/s/h/k | n/r/w/’ | a | e/en | o/on | i | y |
Word-Initial | ka- | ka- | w- | w- | i- | ken- | ka- |
Prefix
editka-
- noun prefix
References
edit- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 173
Mokilese
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editPrefix
editka-
- Used to form causative verbs
Usage notes
editThis prefix sometimes takes the forms koa-, ke- and ko-.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editPrefix
editka-
- Used to form ordinal numbers
Northern Ndebele
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
Old High German
editPrefix
editka-
Old Javanese
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editka-
- passive verb-forming prefix
Derived terms
editDescendants
editPhuthi
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
editSouth Efate
editEtymology
editProbably related to South Efate go
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editka-
- and (forms dependent verbs)
Southern Ndebele
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
Sundanese
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.
Prefix
editka- (Sundanese script ᮊ-)
- verb-forming prefix
- accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb
- perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb
- implies that the action can be done
- noun-forming prefix
Usage notes
edit- Not all roots can be prefixed with ka- only. Some verbs, due to semantic reasons, must feature the suffix -an.[1] For example:
- ka- + merdika (“free, independent”) + -an → kamerdikaan (“independence”)
- ka- + kalangkang (“shadow”) + -an → kakalangkangan (“to become overshadowed”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-, from Proto-Austronesian *Sika-. Compare Malay ke-, Tagalog ika-
Prefix
editka-
- numeral-forming prefix
References
editFurther reading
edit- Maman Sumantri, Atjep Djamaludin, Achmad Patoni, R.H. Moch. Koerdie, M.O. Koesman, Epa Sjafei Adisastra. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia
Swahili
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editPrefix
editka-
- third-person singular animate (m class(I)) recent-past perfective marker
- 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 5:
- Nimefanya jitihada mwenyewe na Mungu kanisaidia, […]
- I have worked hard on my own and God has helped me, […]
- 2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi[2]:
- Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu
- President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame
See also
edit- Initial
- Final
- Infix position positive subject concord
- Positive past: -li-
- Positive present: -na-
- Positive future: -ta-
- Negative subjunctive: -si-1
- Positive present conditional: -nge-
- Negative present conditional: -singe-
- Positive past conditional: -ngali-
- Negative past conditional: -singali-
- Gnomic: -a-1
- Perfect: -me-
- "Already" past: -lisha-
- "Already" present: -mesha-/-sha-
- "If/When": -ki-1
- "If not": -sipo-
- Consecutive: -ka-1
- Infix position negative subject concord
- Relative
1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.
Etymology 2
editUltimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.
Prefix
editka-
- (colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning
Swazi
editEtymology 1
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
Tagalog
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.
Prefix
editka- (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- implies companionship or partnership
- implies similarity or interaction
- (with initial syllable repetition) implies repeated action
- (with initial syllable repetition, followed by lang or lamang) implies recent action
- (with initial two syllables repetition) implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree
- ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)
- ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)
Derived terms
editSee also
editTooro
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *ká-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editka-
- class 12 pronominal concord
- they; class 12 subject concord
- positive imperative form of -ka- (“it; class 12 object concord”)
See also
editReferences
editXhosa
editEtymology 1
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
Zulu
editEtymology 1
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editká-
Etymology 3
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
editka-
- Alternative form of ma- (hortative)
References
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ka-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ka-”
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central prefixes
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano prefixes
- Cebuano terms with Badlit script
- Cebuano short forms
- Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Chichewa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chichewa lemmas
- Chichewa prefixes
- Chichewa noun prefixes
- Chichewa diminutive prefixes
- Gabadi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gabadi lemmas
- Gabadi prefixes
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Kangean terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kangean lemmas
- Kangean prefixes
- Kapampangan lemmas
- Kapampangan prefixes
- Kimbundu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Kimbundu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Kimbundu lemmas
- Kimbundu prefixes
- Minangkabau lemmas
- Minangkabau prefixes
- Mohawk lemmas
- Mohawk prefixes
- Mokilese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mokilese lemmas
- Mokilese prefixes
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele prefixes
- Northern Ndebele subject concords
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German prefixes
- Bavarian Old High German
- Old Javanese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Old Javanese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese prefixes
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi prefixes
- South Efate terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Efate lemmas
- South Efate prefixes
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele prefixes
- Southern Ndebele subject concords
- Sundanese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Sundanese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Sundanese lemmas
- Sundanese prefixes
- Sundanese terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Sundanese terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Swahili terms with audio pronunciation
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swahili terms with quotations
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili colloquialisms
- Swahili dialectal terms
- Swahili nonstandard terms
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi prefixes
- Swazi subject concords
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tooro terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tooro lemmas
- Tooro prefixes
- Tooro pronominal concords
- Tooro subject concords
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa subject concords
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu subject concords