ka-

See also: -ka and Appendix:Variations of "ka"

English

Alternative forms

• ca-, ker-

Prefix

ka-

1. Alternative form of ker-

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with ka-

Anagrams

• AK, Ak

Bikol Central

Etymology

Compare kaka and ka.

Prefix

ka-

1. Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-

   ‎ka- + ‎kawat (“play”) → ‎kakawat (“playmate”)

   ‎ka- + ‎iwal (“fight”) → ‎kaiwal (“enemy”)

Derived terms

Bikol Central terms prefixed with ka-

Cebuano

Etymology 1

Compare kaka and ka.

Prefix

ka-

1. Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-

   ‎ka- + ‎dula (“play”) → ‎kadula (“playmate”)

   ‎ka- + ‎away (“fight”) → ‎kaaway (“enemy”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. Added to an adjective, forms a noun that denotes a state of being; -ness

   ‎ka- + ‎linaw (“calm”) → ‎kalinaw (“calmness”)

   ‎ka- + ‎bugnaw (“cold”) → ‎kabugnaw (“coldness”)

Derived terms

Cebuano terms prefixed with ka-

Japanese

Romanization

ka-

1. Rōmaji transcription of か

Kangean

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka- (verb base)

1. accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb

   ‎ka- + ‎gibe (“bring”) → ‎kagibe (“(accidentally) taken along”)

Minangkabau

Prefix

ka-

1. Used to form ordinal numbers

Mohawk

Prefix

ka-

1. third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix

Alternative forms

-	Initial consonant
Environment	t/s/h/k	n/r/w/’	a	e/en	o/on	i	y
Word-Initial	ka-	ka-	w-	w-	i-	ken-	ka-

Prefix

ka-

1. noun prefix

References

• Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
• Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 173

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Old High German

Prefix

ka-

1. (Bavaria) Alternative form of gi-

Phuthi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Phuthi terms prefixed with ka-

South Efate

Etymology

Probably related to South Efate go

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka/

Prefix

ka-

1. and (forms dependent verbs)

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Etymology 1

Prefix

ka-

1. third-person singular animate (m class_(I)) recent-past perfective marker

   Near-synonyms: ali-, ame-

   • 2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi‎^[1]:

     Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu

     President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame

See also

Swahili TAM markers
Initial
Positive infinitive	ku-/kw-1
Negative infinitive	kuto-
Habitual	hu-1
Telegrammic	ka-1
Final
General (positive indicative)	-a
Positive subjunctive	-e
Negative present	-i
Second person plural	-ni
Infix position positive subject concord
Positive past	-li-
Positive present	-na-
Positive future	-ta-
Negative subjunctive	-si-1
Positive present conditional	-nge-
Negative present conditional	-singe-
Positive past conditional	-ngali-
Negative past conditional	-singali-
Gnomic	-a-1
Perfect	-me-
"Already" past	-lisha-
"Already" present	-mesha-/-sha-
"If/When"	-ki-1
"If not"	-sipo-
Consecutive	-ka-1
Infix position negative subject concord
Negative past	-ku-1
Negative future	-ta-
"Not yet"	-ja-1
Negative present conditional	-nge-
Negative past conditional	-ngali-
Relative
Past	-li-
Present	-na-
Future	-taka-
Negative	-si-
1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.

Prefix

ka-

1. (colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning

Swazi

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Swazi terms prefixed with ka-

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Tagalog

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka- (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)

1. implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root

   ‎ka- + ‎sama (“to accompany”) → ‎kasama (“partner”)

   ‎ka- + ‎opisina (“office”) → ‎kaopisina (“coworker”)

2. implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun

   ‎ka- + ‎mukha (“face”) → ‎kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

   ‎ka- + ‎away (“fight”) → ‎kaaway (“enemy”)

3. implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable

   ‎ka- + ‎sigaw (“shout”) → ‎kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)

   ‎ka- + ‎isip (“mind, thought”) → ‎kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)

4. implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables

   ‎ka- + ‎galang (“respect”) → ‎kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)

   ‎ka- + ‎paniwala (“belief”) → ‎kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)

5. implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by lang or lamang

   ‎ka- + ‎punta (“going”) → ‎kapupunta (“recently went”)

   ‎ka- + ‎luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → ‎kaluluto (“recently cooked”)

Derived terms

Tagalog terms prefixed with ka-

See also

• kaka-

Xhosa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Xhosa terms prefixed with ka-

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Zulu

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.

Derived terms

Zulu terms prefixed with ka-

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ká-

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord; form of u- used when another prefix precedes.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

ka-

1. Alternative form of ma- (hortative)

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ka-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ka-”