User:Victar/Reflexes/Proto-Balto-Slavic
Vowels
editPIE | pre-PBS | PBS | PEB | PWB | pre-PSl. | PSl. | Examples | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PIE | PBS | East Baltic | West Baltic | PSl. | Slavic | |||||||||
a | *a | *a | *a | *o | *dʰragʰyéh₂ (“dregs”) | *dragjāˀ | Lat. dradži, Lith. drãgės | OP dragios | *droždža | OCS droždiję (pl.) | ||||
*ā[V 1] | OCS [Term?] | |||||||||||||
*ā | *ā | *ā | OCS [Term?] | |||||||||||
e | *e | *e | *e | *déḱm̥tis (“tenth”) | *deśimtis | Lat. desmit, Lith. dẽšimt | OP dessempts | *dȅsętь | OCS desętĭ | |||||
*a[V 2] | *o | *néwos (“new”) | *nawas | *novъ | OCS novŭ | |||||||||
*ē[V 1] | *ē | *ǣ | *ě [æ] | *séh₁yeti (“to sow”) | *sḗˀtei | Lat. sẽt, Lith. sė́ti | *sě̀ti | OCS sěti | ||||||
*ē[V 3] | *sedéh₁yeti (“to sit”) | *sēdētei | Lat. sēdēt, Lith. sėdėti | *sědě̀ti | OCS sěděti | |||||||||
*a[V 4] | *a | *o | *h₂eḱsis (“axle”) | *aśís | Lat. ass, Lith. ašìs | OP assis | *ȍsь | OES osĭ | ||||||
*ā[V 1] | *ā | *ā | *a | *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”) | *brā́ˀtē | Lat. brãlis, Lith. brólis | OP brōtē | *bràtrъ | OCS bratrŭ | |||||
*ā[V 3] | *h₂ébōl (“apple”) | *āˀbōl | Lat. âbols, Lith. obuolỹs | OP woble | *àblo | OCS [Term?] | ||||||||
*o[V 4] | *a[V 5] | *o | *h₃ekʷ- (“eye”) | *ak- | Lat. acs, Lith. akìs | OP ackis | *ȍko | OCS oko | ||||||
*ō[V 3] | *ā[V 6] | *a | *h₃édeti (“to smell”) | *ṓˀstei | Lat. ôst, Lith. úosti | *adati | OCS [Term?] | |||||||
*ē | *ē | *ē | *ǣ | *ě [æ] | *h₁ḗdti (“to eat”) | *ḗˀstei | Lat. êst, Lith. ė́sti | OP istwei | *ě̀sti | OCS jasti | ||||
*ā[V 4] | *a [aː] | OCS [Term?] | ||||||||||||
*ō[V 4] | OCS [Term?] | |||||||||||||
i | *i | *i | *i | *ь [ɪ] | *wisu (“all”) | *wišos | Lat. viss, Lith. vìsas | OP wissa | *vьśь | OCS [Term?] | ||||
*ī[V 1] | *ī | *i[V 7] | *gʷih₃wós (“alive”) | *gīˀwás | Lat. dzîvs, Lith. gývas | OP geiwans | *žȋvъ | OCS [Term?] | ||||||
*ī | *ī | *i | OCS [Term?] | |||||||||||
o | *o | *o | *a[V 5] | *o | *nókʷts (“night”) | *naktís | Lat. nakts, Lith. naktìs | OP naktin (acc.sg.) | *nȏťь | OCS [Term?] | ||||
*ō | *ō | *a | OCS [Term?] | |||||||||||
u | *u | *u | *u | *ъ [ɨ] | *bʰluseh₂ (“flea”) | *blúšāˀ | Lat. blusa, Lith. blusà | *blъxà | OCS [Term?] | |||||
*ū[V 1] | *y [ɯː] | *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”) | *dū́ˀmas | Lat. dūmi (pl.), Lith. dū́mas | OP dūmis | *dỳmъ | OCS [Term?] | |||||||
*suHnús (“son”) | *sū́ˀnus | Lat. [Term?], Lith. sūnùs | OP soūns | *sy̑nъ | OCS [Term?] | |||||||||
*ū | *ū | *y | OCS [Term?] |
Diphthongs and laryngeal vowel clusters
editPIE | pre-PBS | PBS | PEB | PWB | pre-PSl. | PSl. | Examples | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | II | PIE | PBS | East Baltic | West Baltic | PSl. | Slavic | ||||||||
e(H)y | *ey | *ey | *ei | *ei | *ẹ̄ | *ẽi > *ē | *ei | *ī[V 8] | *i | *ǵʰeyméh₂ (“winter”) | *źeimā́ˀ | Lat. zìema, Latg. zīma, Lith. žiemà, Sam. žėima | OP sēmō | *zimà | OCS [Term?] | |
*ay[V 4] | *ai | *ai | *ai | *ē[V 8] | *ǣ | *ě [æ] | *h₂eyḱsmos (“spit”) | *aiśmas | Lat. ìesms, Lith. iẽšmas | OP aysmis | [Term?] | OCS [Term?] | ||||
*oy[V 4] | *ai[V 5] | *h₃eystreh₂ | *aiśtrā́ˀ | Lat. [Term?], Lith. aistrà | OP [Term?] | [Term?] | OCS [Term?] | |||||||||
*ēy, *eHy | *ēy, *eh₁y | *ēi | *ei | *ī[V 8] | *i | *sleh₁inos (“saliva”) | *sleiˀnas | Lat. sliẽnas | *slìna | OCS slina | ||||||
*āy, *ah₂y[V 4] | *āi | *ai | *ē[V 8] | *ǣ | *ě [æ] | *deh₂iweris (“husband's brother”) | *daiˀwē | Lat. diẽveris, Lith. díeveris | *dě̀verь | |||||||
*ōy, *oh₃y[V 4] | *ōi | *(s)peh₃ineh₂ (“foam”) | *spóiˀnāˀ | Lith. spáinė | OP spoayno | *pě̀na | OCS pěna | |||||||||
o(H)y | *oy | *oy | *ai[V 5] | *ai | *ai | *ā | *moysós (“bag”) | *maišás | Lat. màiss, Lith. maĩšas | OP moasis | *mě̑xъ | OCS [Term?] | ||||
*ái | *ẹ̄ | *ai | *snóygʷʰos (“snow”) | *snáigas | Lat. snìegs, Lith. sniẽgas | OP snaygis | *sně̑gъ | OCS [Term?] | ||||||||
*ōy, *oHy | *ōy, *oHy | *ōi | [Term?] | [Term?] | Lat. [Term?], Lith. [Term?] | OP [Term?] | [Term?] | OCS [Term?] | ||||||||
ew | *ew | *ew | *eu | *jau | *u | *eu | *ju | *h₁léwdʰis (“people”) | *leudis | Lat. ļàudis, Lith. liáudis | OP ludis | *ľȗdьje | OCS ljudije | |||
*aw[V 4] | *au | *au | *ō[V 8] | *ū | *u | *h₂ew (“away”) | *au | Lat. au, Lith. au | OP au | *u | OCS [Term?] | |||||
*ow[V 4] | [Term?] | [Term?] | Lat. [Term?], Lith. [Term?] | OP [Term?] | [Term?] | OCS [Term?] | ||||||||||
*ēw | *ēw | *ēu | *eu | *ju | [Term?] | [Term?] | Lat. [Term?], Lith. [Term?] | OP [Term?] | [Term?] | OCS [Term?] | ||||||
*āw[V 4] | *au | *ō[V 8] | *ū | *u | *seh₂ul- (“sun”) | *sauˀl- | Lat. saũle, Lith. sáulė | OP saule | *sъlnьce | OCS slŭnĭce | ||||||
*ōw[V 4] | *pléh₃uti | *plouˀtei | Lat. [Term?], Lith. pláuti | OP [Term?] | *pluti | OCS [Term?] | ||||||||||
ow | *ow | *ow | *au[V 5] | *h₁yów (“already”) | *jau | Lat. jàu, Lith. jaũ | OP iau | *ju | OCS (j)uže | |||||||
*ōw | *ōw | [Term?] | [Term?] | Lat. [Term?], Lith. [Term?] | OP [Term?] | [Term?] | OCS [Term?] |
Notes
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 *V > V̄ / _∅ < H]σ[1]
- ^ *e > *a / _wV
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 V > V̄ / D[-asp]]σ (Winter's law)
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 *e > *a / , *e > *o / (PIE laryngeal vowel coloring)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 > *a (PBS o/a-merger[2])
- ^ > *ā (PSl. ā/ō-merger[2])
- ^ *V̄ > V
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 > (PSl. monophthongization)
References
edit- ^ Smoczyński 2003
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors ((Can we date this quote?)), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN