ost

See also: Ost, OST, ôt, öst, øst, osť, -ost, and -osť

English

Noun

ost (plural osts)

1. Alternative form of oast

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for ost in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913)

Anagrams

• OTS, OTs, TOS, TOs, TSO, Tso, sot

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Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Danish oost, Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *jūstaz, *justaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈost/, [ˈɔ̝sd̥], [ˈɔ̽st]

Noun

ost c (singular definite osten, plural indefinite oste)

1. cheese

Inflection

Declension of ost

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ost	osten	oste	ostene
genitive	osts	ostens	ostes	ostenes

Derived terms

• ostehaps
• ostekniv

 

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German ōst (“east”), from Proto-Germanic *austrą. Cognate of Danish øster, Danish øst.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈoˀsd̥]

Adverb

ost

1. (obsolete) east

Noun

ost

1. (obsolete) east

Synonyms

• øst

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈoˀsd̥]

Verb

ost

1. past participle of ose

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Estonian

Noun

ost (genitive ostu, partitive ostu)

1. purchase

Declension

Declension of ost (type riik)

	singular	plural
nominative	ost	ostud
genitive	ostu	ostude
partitive	ostu	oste / ostusid
illative	ostu / ostusse	ostudesse / ostesse
inessive	ostus	ostudes / ostes
elative	ostust	ostudest / ostest
allative	ostule	ostudele / ostele
adessive	ostul	ostudel / ostel
ablative	ostult	ostudelt / ostelt
translative	ostuks	ostudeks / osteks
terminative	ostuni	ostudeni
essive	ostuna	ostudena
abessive	ostuta	ostudeta
comitative	ostuga	ostudega

Further reading

• ost in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat
• ost in Raadik, M., editor (2018), Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, →ISBN
• ost in Sõnaveeb

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Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔst/
• Rhymes: -ɔst
• Homophone: ást

Noun

ost

1. accusative singular of ostur

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French

Etymology

From Middle French ost, from Old French ost, host, from Latin hostis. An archaic or literary term referring to an army from the Middle Ages, taken from Middle French (i.e. no longer reflecting a popularly inherited form). The modern pronunciation is based on the spelling, differing from the original one, which was /o/. Has survived as an inherited form in the dialects of the Picardy and Maine regions as o (“herd”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔst/

• Audio (CAN)

  (file)

Noun

ost m (plural osts)

1. (archaic, literary) host, army

Related terms

• hostile

Further reading

• “ost”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Icelandic

Noun

ost

1. indefinite accusative singular of ostur

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Latvian

Ost vīnu

Etymology

From *uosti, from Proto-Baltic *uod-ti, from *ōd-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to smell”). Cognates include Lithuanian úosti, Old Czech jadati (“to explore, to investigate”), Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”), Latin odōr (“smell”), Albanian amë (“unpleasant smell”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [uôst]

Verb

ost (tr. or intr., 1st conj., pres. ožu, od, ož, past odu)

1. to smell (to perceive an odor)

   ost cepeti ― to smell roast(ed meat)

   ost vīnu ― to smell the wine

   ost spirta smaku ― to smell the odor of alcohol

   strādājot virtuvē, visu laiku redzot, ožot ēdienu, it kā ēstgribas vairs nav ― working in a kitchen, seeing and smelling food all the time, it is as if one no longer had (= could feel) the desire to eat

2. to smell, to sniff (to inhale air through the nose, usually several times, in order to try to perceive a smell)

   ost ēteri ― to smell ether

   ožamais spirts ― smelling salts, hartshorn (lit. smellable alcohol)

   divi cilvēki, piebāzuši pirkstu galus pie deguna, steidzīgi oda kaut ko baltu kā lauku vecenes šņaucamo tabaku ― two people, bringing the tips of their fingers to their noses, quickly smelled something white, like old women snuffing tobacco in the countryside

3. (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to sense, to find out)

   saimnieks jau dabūjis ost, ka tu citu vietu meklējoties ― the landowner has already managed to smell that you are looking for another place

4. to smell, to stink (to have, to spread a bad, unpleasant smell)

   te ož pēc benzīna ― it smells like gasoline here

   ost pēc ķiplokiem, siļķēm, alus ― to smell like garlic, herring, beer

5. to smell (to have, to spread a pleasant odor)

   ost pēc odekolona ― to smell like eau-de-cologne

   puķe jauki ož ― the flower smells nice

   nokāpj gravā; ož pēc valgmes un pērnajām lapām ― he goes down the ravine; (there) it smells like dampness and last year's leaves

6. (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to suggest, make think of something, usually unpleasant)

   tas jau oda pēc fašisma ― that smelled like fascism

Conjugation

conjugation of ost

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	ožu	odu	odīšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	od	odi	odīsi	od
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	ož	oda	odīs	lai ož
1st pers. pl.	mēs	ožam	odām	odīsim	odīsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	ožat	odāt	odīsiet, odīsit	odiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	ož	oda	odīs	lai ož
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	ožot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		odošs
Past	esot odis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		ozdams
Future	odīšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		ožot
Imperative	lai ožot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		ožam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		odis
Present	ostu		Present Passive		ožams
Past	būtu odis		Past Passive		osts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāož		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		ost
Conjunctive 1	esot jāož		Negative Infinitive		neost
Conjunctive 2	jāožot		Verbal noun		ošana

Synonyms

• (of "to sniff"): ostīt
• (of "to sense"): jaust
• (of "to stink"): smirdēt, smakot
• (of "to spread pleasant odor"): smaržot

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• apost
• ieost
• izost
• paost
• saost
• uzost

other derived terms:

• osties

Related terms

• ostīt
• oža

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Middle French

Etymology

From Old French ost, from Latin hostis.

Noun

ost m or f (plural osts)

1. army

Descendants

• French: ost

References

• ost on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Danish ost, from Old Norse ostr.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ust/

Noun

ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural oster, definite plural ostene)

1. cheese

Derived terms

• ostekake
• ostesaus
• parmesanost
• sveitserost

References

• “ost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• ost’e, øst (öst), ust (dialectal)

Etymology

From Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *justaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ost/, /ust/

Noun

ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural ostar, definite plural ostane)

1. cheese

Derived terms

• ostekake
• ostesaus
• parmesanost
• sveitserost

References

• “ost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ōstaz. Cognate with Middle Low German ōst, Dutch oest (“knot, tree-stump”). Related with Proto-Germanic *astaz (“branch”), whence Old High German ast (German Ast), Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (asts).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /oːst/

Noun

ōst m

1. knot in a tree

Declension

Declension of ost (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	ōst	ōstas
accusative	ōst	ōstas
genitive	ōstes	ōsta
dative	ōste	ōstum

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Old French

Alternative forms

• host

Etymology

From Latin hostis, hostem.

Noun

ost m or f

1. army (armed military force)

Usage notes

• Has a regular declension as both a masculine and a feminine noun

  nominative singular oz, oblique plural oz, nominative plural ost when masculine

  nominative singular ost, oblique plural oz, nominative plural oz when feminine

• see Appendix:Old French nouns

Descendants

• Middle French: ost
  • French: ost (archaic)

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Papiamentu

Etymology

From Dutch oost.

Adjective

ost

1. east

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Osten.

Noun

ost n (plural osturi)

1. (dated) east

Declension

Declension of ost

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ost	ostul	(niște) osturi	osturile
genitive/dative	(unui) ost	ostului	(unor) osturi	osturilor
vocative	ostule		osturilor

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Romansch

Etymology

From a Germanic language.

Noun

ost m (plural osts)

1. east

Synonyms

• (Sutsilvan) oriaint

Antonyms

• vest

Derived terms

• nordost
• sidost

Related terms

• nord
• sid
• nordvest
• sidvest

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Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ostь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /óːst/

Noun

ọ̑st f

1. sharp tip

Inflection

Feminine, i-stem, mobile accent
nom. sing.	óst
gen. sing.	ostí
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	óst	ostí	ostí
accusative	óst	ostí	ostí
genitive	ostí	ostí	ostí
dative	ôsti	ostéma	ostém
locative	ôsti	ostéh	ostéh
instrumental	ostjó	ostéma	ostmí

Further reading

• “ost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʊst]

• audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish oster, from Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *justaz, from Proto-Indo-European *yaus-, *yūs-.

Noun

ost c

1. cheese

Declension

Declension of ost
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ost	osten	ostar	ostarna
Genitive	osts	ostens	ostars	ostarnas

Derived terms

• blåmögelost
• flensost
• fårost
• getost
• grönmögelost
• herrgårdsost
• hushållsost
• hårdost
• kryddost
• lyckost
• mjukost
• mögelost
• osta
• ostaffär
• ostberedning
• ostbit
• ostborr
• ostbricka
• ostburgare
• ostbåge
• ostdisk
• ostfluga
• ostform
• ostfralla
• osthyvel
• ostig
• ostkaka
• ostkant
• ostkniv
• ostkräm
• ostkupa
• ostmacka
• ostmask
• ostmassa
• ostskalk
• ostskiva
• ostsmörgås
• oststång
• ostsås
• ostvassla
• ostämne
• prästost
• rivost
• vitmögelost
• ädelost

 

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• öster
• öst

Adverb

ost (not comparable)

1. east

   Kotka ligger ost om Helsingfors.

   Kotka lies east of Helsinki.

Noun

ost c (uncountable)

1. east

Related terms

• nordost
• nordväst
• norr
• öst
• öster
• ostlig
• söder
• syd
• sydost
• sydväst
• väst
• väster

See also

• (compass points) vädersträck;

nordväst	norr nord	nordost nordöst
väster väst		öster öst ost
sydväst	söder syd	sydost sydöst

References

• ost in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• ots, sot, sto

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Tocharian B

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *wɔstä, maybe from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂s-tu-; compare Ancient Greek ἄστυ (ástu, “town”) and Sanskrit वास्तु (vāstu). Compare Tocharian A waṣt.

Noun

ost m (gen. s. ostantse, obl. s. ost, nom. pl. ostwa)

1. house

Usage notes

Often found in the phrases ostmeṃ lät- (lit. “leave home”), meaning “to become a (Buddhist) monk”, and ostmeṃ ltu, “Buddhist monk”. This term reflects the Sanskrit equivalent प्रव्रज्य​ (pravrajya​, “go forth”). Note that a similar expression, probably a calque, is also found in Chinese 出家 (“renounce the family to become a Buddhist monk or nun”).

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Vilamovian

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ost m

1. bough, branch