ost
EnglishEdit
NounEdit
ost (plural osts)
- Alternative form of oast
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for ost in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
AnagramsEdit
DanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Danish oost, Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *jūstaz, *justaz.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ost c (singular definite osten, plural indefinite oste)
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Low German ōst (“east”), from Proto-Germanic *austrą. Cognate of Danish øster, Danish øst.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
ost
NounEdit
ost
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ost
- past participle of ose
EstonianEdit
NounEdit
ost (genitive ostu, partitive ostu)
DeclensionEdit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ost | ostud |
| genitive | ostu | ostude |
| partitive | ostu | oste / ostusid |
| illative | ostu / ostusse | ostudesse |
| inessive | ostus | ostudes |
| elative | ostust | ostudest |
| allative | ostule | ostudele |
| adessive | ostul | ostudel |
| ablative | ostult | ostudelt |
| translative | ostuks | ostudeks |
| terminative | ostuni | ostudeni |
| essive | ostuna | ostudena |
| abessive | ostuta | ostudeta |
| comitative | ostuga | ostudega |
Further readingEdit
- ost in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat
- ost in Raadik, M., editor (2018), Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, →ISBN
- ost in Sõnaveeb
FaroeseEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ost
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French ost, from Old French ost, host, from Latin hostis. An archaic or literary term referring to an army from the Middle Ages, taken from Middle French (i.e. no longer reflecting a popularly inherited form). The modern pronunciation is based on the spelling, differing from the original one, which was /o/. Has survived as an inherited form in the dialects of the Picardy and Maine regions as o (“herd”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ost m (plural osts)
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “ost” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
IcelandicEdit
NounEdit
ost
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From *uosti, from Proto-Baltic *uod-ti, from *ōd-, from Proto-Indo-European *od-, *h₃ed-, *h₃ed- (“to smell”). Cognates include Lithuanian úosti, Old Czech jadati (“to explore, to investigate”), Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”), Latin odōr (“smell”), Albanian amë (“unpleasant smell”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
ost (tr. or intr., 1st conj., pres. ožu, od, ož, past odu)
- to smell (to perceive an odor)
- ost cepeti ― to smell roast(ed meat)
- ost vīnu ― to smell the wine
- ost spirta smaku ― to smell the odor of alcohol
- strādājot virtuvē, visu laiku redzot, ožot ēdienu, it kā ēstgribas vairs nav ― working in a kitchen, seeing and smelling food all the time, it is as if one no longer had (= could feel) the desire to eat
- to smell, to sniff (to inhale air through the nose, usually several times, in order to try to perceive a smell)
- ost ēteri ― to smell ether
- ožamais spirts ― smelling salts, hartshorn (lit. smellable alcohol)
- divi cilvēki, piebāzuši pirkstu galus pie deguna, steidzīgi oda kaut ko baltu kā lauku vecenes šņaucamo tabaku ― two people, bringing the tips of their fingers to their noses, quickly smelled something white, like old women snuffing tobacco in the countryside
- (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to sense, to find out)
- saimnieks jau dabūjis ost, ka tu citu vietu meklējoties ― the landowner has already managed to smell that you are looking for another place
- to smell, to stink (to have, to spread a bad, unpleasant smell)
- te ož pēc benzīna ― it smells like gasoline here
- ost pēc ķiplokiem, siļķēm, alus ― to smell like garlic, herring, beer
- to smell (to have, to spread a pleasant odor)
- ost pēc odekolona ― to smell like eau-de-cologne
- puķe jauki ož ― the flower smells nice
- nokāpj gravā; ož pēc valgmes un pērnajām lapām ― he goes down the ravine; (there) it smells like dampness and last year's leaves
- (figuratively, colloquial) to smell (to suggest, make think of something, usually unpleasant)
- tas jau oda pēc fašisma ― that smelled like fascism
ConjugationEdit
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | ožu | odu | odīšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | od | odi | odīsi | od |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | ož | oda | odīs | lai ož |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | ožam | odām | odīsim | odīsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | ožat | odāt | odīsiet, odīsit |
odiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | ož | oda | odīs | lai ož |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | ožot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | odošs | ||
| Past | esot odis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | ozdams | ||
| Future | odīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | ožot | ||
| Imperative | lai ožot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | ožam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | odis | |||
| Present | ostu | Present Passive | ožams | ||
| Past | būtu odis | Past Passive | osts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāož | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | ost | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāož | Negative Infinitive | neost | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāožot | Verbal noun | ošana | ||
SynonymsEdit
- (of "to sniff"): ostīt
- (of "to sense"): jaust
- (of "to stink"): smirdēt, smakot
- (of "to spread pleasant odor"): smaržot
Derived termsEdit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “ost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Middle FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French ost, from Latin hostis.
NounEdit
ost m or f (plural osts)
DescendantsEdit
- French: ost
ReferencesEdit
- ost on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural oster, definite plural ostene)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
ost m (definite singular osten, indefinite plural ostar, definite plural ostane)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *ōstaz. Cognate with Middle Low German ōst, Dutch oest (“knot, tree-stump”). Related with Proto-Germanic *astaz (“branch”), whence Old High German ast (German Ast), Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (asts).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ōst m
- knot in a tree
DeclensionEdit
Old FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin hostis, hostem.
NounEdit
ost m or f
- army (armed military force)
Usage notesEdit
- Has a regular declension as both a masculine and a feminine noun
- see Appendix:Old French nouns
DescendantsEdit
PapiamentuEdit
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
ost
RomanschEdit
EtymologyEdit
From a Germanic language.
NounEdit
ost m (plural osts)
SynonymsEdit
- (Sutsilvan) oriaint
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
Back-formation from oster.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ọ̑st f
- sharp tip
InflectionEdit
| Feminine, i-stem, mobile accent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nom. sing. | óst | ||
| gen. sing. | ostí | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | óst | ostí | ostí |
| accusative | óst | ostí | ostí |
| genitive | ostí | ostí | ostí |
| dative | ôsti | ostéma | ostém |
| locative | ôsti | ostéh | ostéh |
| instrumental | ostjó | ostéma | ostmí |
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
audio (file)
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Swedish oster, from Old Norse ostr, from Proto-Germanic *justaz, from Proto-Indo-European *yaus-, *yūs-.
NounEdit
ost c
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of ost | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ost | osten | ostar | ostarna |
| Genitive | osts | ostens | ostars | ostarnas |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
AdverbEdit
ost (not comparable)
- east
- Kotka ligger ost om Helsingfors.
- Kotka lies east of Helsinki.
NounEdit
ost c (uncountable)
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- (compass points) vädersträck;
| nordväst | norr nord |
nordost nordöst |
| väster väst |
|
öster öst ost |
| sydväst | söder syd |
sydost sydöst |
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
Tocharian BEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Tocharian *wɔstä, maybe from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂s-tu-; compare Ancient Greek ἄστυ (ástu, “town”) and Sanskrit वास्तु (vāstu). Compare Tocharian A waṣt.
NounEdit
ost m (gen. s. ostantse, obl. s. ost, nom. pl. ostwa)
Usage notesEdit
Often found in the phrases ostmeṃ lät- (lit. “leave home”), meaning “to become a (Buddhist) monk”, and ostmeṃ ltu, “Buddhist monk”. This term reflects the Sanskrit equivalent प्रव्रज्य (pravrajya, “go forth”). Note that a similar expression, probably a calque, is also found in Chinese 出家 (“renounce the family to become a Buddhist monk or nun”).
VilamovianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
NounEdit
ost m