bruma
French
editVerb
editbruma
- third-person singular past historic of brumer
Anagrams
editIcelandic
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editVerb
editbruma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative brumaði, supine brumað)
- (intransitive, botany) to bud
Conjugation
editinfinitive (nafnháttur) |
að bruma | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
brumað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
brumandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég bruma | við brumum | present (nútíð) |
ég brumi | við brumum |
þú brumar | þið brumið | þú brumir | þið brumið | ||
hann, hún, það brumar | þeir, þær, þau bruma | hann, hún, það brumi | þeir, þær, þau brumi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég brumaði | við brumuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég brumaði | við brumuðum |
þú brumaðir | þið brumuðuð | þú brumaðir | þið brumuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það brumaði | þeir, þær, þau brumuðu | hann, hún, það brumaði | þeir, þær, þau brumuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
bruma (þú) | brumið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
brumaðu | brumiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að brumast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
brumast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
brumandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég brumast | við brumumst | present (nútíð) |
ég brumist | við brumumst |
þú brumast | þið brumist | þú brumist | þið brumist | ||
hann, hún, það brumast | þeir, þær, þau brumast | hann, hún, það brumist | þeir, þær, þau brumist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég brumaðist | við brumuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég brumaðist | við brumuðumst |
þú brumaðist | þið brumuðust | þú brumaðist | þið brumuðust | ||
hann, hún, það brumaðist | þeir, þær, þau brumuðust | hann, hún, það brumaðist | þeir, þær, þau brumuðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
brumast (þú) | brumist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
brumastu | brumisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
brumaður | brumuð | brumað | brumaðir | brumaðar | brumuð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
brumaðan | brumaða | brumað | brumaða | brumaðar | brumuð | |
dative (þágufall) |
brumuðum | brumaðri | brumuðu | brumuðum | brumuðum | brumuðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
brumaðs | brumaðrar | brumaðs | brumaðra | brumaðra | brumaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
brumaði | brumaða | brumaða | brumuðu | brumuðu | brumuðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
brumaða | brumuðu | brumaða | brumuðu | brumuðu | brumuðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
brumaða | brumuðu | brumaða | brumuðu | brumuðu | brumuðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
brumaða | brumuðu | brumaða | brumuðu | brumuðu | brumuðu |
Italian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editbruma f (plural brume)
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editBorrowed from Ancient Greek βρῶμα (brôma). Cf. Spanish broma.
Noun
editbruma f (plural brume)
Further reading
edit- bruma1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- bruma2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams
editLatin
editEtymology
editDoublet of brevissima (“shortest”), superlative form of brevis (“short”), without reformation of the superlative ending; parallel e.g. to extrēmus (see -issimus for more). The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈbruː.ma/, [ˈbruːmä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈbru.ma/, [ˈbruːmä]
Noun
editbrūma f (genitive brūmae); first declension
- the winter solstice
- (by extension) winter, winter cold
Declension
editFirst-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | brūma | brūmae |
Genitive | brūmae | brūmārum |
Dative | brūmae | brūmīs |
Accusative | brūmam | brūmās |
Ablative | brūmā | brūmīs |
Vocative | brūma | brūmae |
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Eastern Romance:
- Old Occitan: bruma
- Old Galician-Portuguese:
- Portuguese: bruma
- Old Spanish:
- Spanish: bruma
- → Albanian: brymë
- → Old French: brume
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin: brūmārius (“November”)
References
edit- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
- “bruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- bruma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- bruma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Occitan
editEtymology
editFrom Old Occitan bruma, from Latin bruma (“winter solstice, winter”). Cognate with French brume.
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editbruma f (plural brumas)
Derived terms
editDialectal variants
editSynonyms
editPortuguese
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese bruma, from Latin brūma.
Pronunciation
edit
- Hyphenation: bru‧ma
Noun
editbruma f (plural brumas)
Related terms
editRomanian
editEtymology
editVerb
edita bruma (third-person singular present brumează, past participle brumat) 1st conj.
- (impersonal) to have frost form
- to form frost, become covered in hoarfrost, rime
Conjugation
editinfinitive | a bruma | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | brumând | ||||||
past participle | brumat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | — | — | brumează | — | — | brumează | |
imperfect | — | — | bruma | — | — | brumau | |
simple perfect | — | — | brumă | — | — | brumară | |
pluperfect | — | — | brumase | — | — | brumaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | — | — | să brumeze | — | — | să brumeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | — | — | |||||
negative | — | — |
Spanish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbruma f (plural brumas)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “bruma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- French non-lemma forms
- French verb forms
- Icelandic terms suffixed with -a
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːma
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːma/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic intransitive verbs
- is:Botany
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/uma
- Rhymes:Italian/uma/2 syllables
- Italian terms borrowed from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- Italian terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Italian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- la:Calendar
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan nouns
- Occitan feminine nouns
- Occitan countable nouns
- Gascon
- Languedocien
- Limousin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Romanian terms suffixed with -a
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian verbs
- Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation
- Romanian impersonal verbs
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/uma
- Rhymes:Spanish/uma/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Spanish terms with archaic senses
- es:Weather
- es:Winter