umbra
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin umbra (“shadow”). Doublet of umber.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
umbra (plural umbras or umbrae or (obsolete) umbræ)
- The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object.
- (astronomy) The central region of a sunspot.
- (chiefly literary) A shadow.
- (archaic) An uninvited guest brought along by one who was invited.
- One of the family Umbridae of mudminnows.
- One of genus Umbrina of drums (family Sciaenidae).
- (mathematics) An element of the umbral calculus.
- 2009, Ernesto Damiani, Ottavio D'Antona, Vincenzo Marra, From Combinatorics to Philosophy: The Legacy of G.-C. Rota, (page 113)#:
- In order to set up such an algorithm, we need the notion of multiplicative inverse of an umbra. Two umbrae are said to be multiplicative inverse to each other when αγ ≡ u.
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
umbra f (plural umbres)
- female equivalent of umbre
Adjective edit
umbra
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
umbra c (singular definite umbraen, not used in plural form)
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin umbra.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
umbra
Declension edit
Inflection of umbra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | umbra | umbrat | ||
genitive | umbran | umbrien | ||
partitive | umbraa | umbria | ||
illative | umbraan | umbriin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | umbra | umbrat | ||
accusative | nom. | umbra | umbrat | |
gen. | umbran | |||
genitive | umbran | umbrien umbrainrare | ||
partitive | umbraa | umbria | ||
inessive | umbrassa | umbrissa | ||
elative | umbrasta | umbrista | ||
illative | umbraan | umbriin | ||
adessive | umbralla | umbrilla | ||
ablative | umbralta | umbrilta | ||
allative | umbralle | umbrille | ||
essive | umbrana | umbrina | ||
translative | umbraksi | umbriksi | ||
abessive | umbratta | umbritta | ||
instructive | — | umbrin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms edit
- (part of a shadow): täysvarjo
Further reading edit
- “umbra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Anagrams edit
Interlingua edit
Etymology edit
From Latin.
Noun edit
umbra (plural umbras)
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
umbra
Noun edit
umbra f (plural umbre)
- female equivalent of umbro
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Generally connected with Lithuanian unksna (“shade”), from Proto-Indo-European *wnksrā-. This term is tentatively derived from Proto-Indo-European *(H)wenk- (“to bend”); however, the semantic leaps required to go from "bend" to "shade" are large and unlikely.[1]
Alternatively, if from Old Latin *omra, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr-u-, *h₂mrup-; related to Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark”), Luwian 𒈠𒅈𒉿𒄿𒀀 (“rot”), and 𒈠𒊒𒉿𒄿 (“rotten”) (also see Hittite Maraššantiya, their name for the Kızılırmak River), and this Indo-European source is said to be a possible borrowing from a Semitic root ḥ-m-r (“be red”), compare Arabic ح م ر (ḥ m r).[2]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/, [ˈʊmbrä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈum.bra/, [ˈumbrä]
Noun edit
umbra f (genitive umbrae); first declension
Declension edit
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | umbra | umbrae |
Genitive | umbrae | umbrārum |
Dative | umbrae | umbrīs |
Accusative | umbram | umbrās |
Ablative | umbrā | umbrīs |
Vocative | umbra | umbrae |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Latin sub umbra or ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *subumbrāre
- Aragonese: huembra
- Aromanian: aumbrã, umbrã
- → English: umbra
- French: ombre
- Friulian: ombre
- Galician: ombre
- Italian: ombra
- Old Occitan: ombra
- Romanian: umbră
- Romansch: umbriva
- Russian: умбра (umbra)
- Sardinian: umbara, umbra, urma
- Sicilian: ùmmara, ùmmira
- Spanish: umbra
- Venetian: onbra, onbria, onbrìa
References edit
- “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- umbra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
- to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
- “umbra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 639
- ^ Whitehead, The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics, p. 13
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Latin umbra (“shade, shadow”).
Noun edit
umbra m (definite singular umbraen, indefinite plural umbraer or umbraar, definite plural umbraene or umbraane)
- (chemistry)
- a dark earthy colour
- (astronomy) the shade from a planet
- (astronomy, by extension) central region of a sunspot
References edit
- “umbra” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian edit
Noun edit
umbra f
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
umbra f (plural umbras)
- female equivalent of umbro
Adjective edit
umbra
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
umbra f (plural umbras)
Further reading edit
- “umbra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014