See also: Umbra and umbră

English

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Diagram of a large light source and a smaller occulting body, showing the relationships between the umbra, the region that receives no light from the source, so that it is fully shaded, the penumbra that receives light from only one part of the rim of the source, so that it is partly shaded, and the antumbra, that is so far from the occulting body that it receives light from the rim all the way around the source, though not from the full area of the light source.

Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin umbra (shadow). Doublet of umber.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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umbra (plural umbras or umbrae or (obsolete) umbræ)

  1. The fully shaded inner region of a shadow cast by an opaque object.
    1. (astronomy) The area on the earth or moon experiencing the total phase of an eclipse.
  2. (astronomy) The central region of a sunspot.
  3. (chiefly literary) A shadow.
  4. (archaic) An uninvited guest brought along by one who was invited.
  5. One of the family Umbridae of mudminnows.
  6. One of genus Umbrina of drums (family Sciaenidae).
  7. (mathematics) An element of the umbral calculus.
    • 2009, Ernesto Damiani, Ottavio D'Antona, Vincenzo Marra, From Combinatorics to Philosophy: The Legacy of G.-C. Rota, (page 113)#:
      In order to set up such an algorithm, we need the notion of multiplicative inverse of an umbra. Two umbrae are said to be multiplicative inverse to each other when αγ ≡ u.

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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umbra f (plural umbres)

  1. female equivalent of umbre

Adjective

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umbra

  1. feminine singular of umbre

Danish

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Etymology

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From Latin umbra (shadow).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɔmbra/, [ˈɔmb̥ʁɑ]

Noun

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umbra c (singular definite umbraen, not used in plural form)

  1. umber (pigment, colour)
  2. (as an adjective) umber (of a reddish brown colour)

Finnish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin umbra.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈumbrɑ/, [ˈumbrɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -umbrɑ
  • Syllabification(key): umb‧ra

Noun

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umbra

  1. umbra

Declension

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Inflection of umbra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative umbra umbrat
genitive umbran umbrien
partitive umbraa umbria
illative umbraan umbriin
singular plural
nominative umbra umbrat
accusative nom. umbra umbrat
gen. umbran
genitive umbran umbrien
umbrain rare
partitive umbraa umbria
inessive umbrassa umbrissa
elative umbrasta umbrista
illative umbraan umbriin
adessive umbralla umbrilla
ablative umbralta umbrilta
allative umbralle umbrille
essive umbrana umbrina
translative umbraksi umbriksi
abessive umbratta umbritta
instructive umbrin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of umbra (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative umbrani umbrani
accusative nom. umbrani umbrani
gen. umbrani
genitive umbrani umbrieni
umbraini rare
partitive umbraani umbriani
inessive umbrassani umbrissani
elative umbrastani umbristani
illative umbraani umbriini
adessive umbrallani umbrillani
ablative umbraltani umbriltani
allative umbralleni umbrilleni
essive umbranani umbrinani
translative umbrakseni umbrikseni
abessive umbrattani umbrittani
instructive
comitative umbrineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative umbrasi umbrasi
accusative nom. umbrasi umbrasi
gen. umbrasi
genitive umbrasi umbriesi
umbraisi rare
partitive umbraasi umbriasi
inessive umbrassasi umbrissasi
elative umbrastasi umbristasi
illative umbraasi umbriisi
adessive umbrallasi umbrillasi
ablative umbraltasi umbriltasi
allative umbrallesi umbrillesi
essive umbranasi umbrinasi
translative umbraksesi umbriksesi
abessive umbrattasi umbrittasi
instructive
comitative umbrinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative umbramme umbramme
accusative nom. umbramme umbramme
gen. umbramme
genitive umbramme umbriemme
umbraimme rare
partitive umbraamme umbriamme
inessive umbrassamme umbrissamme
elative umbrastamme umbristamme
illative umbraamme umbriimme
adessive umbrallamme umbrillamme
ablative umbraltamme umbriltamme
allative umbrallemme umbrillemme
essive umbranamme umbrinamme
translative umbraksemme umbriksemme
abessive umbrattamme umbrittamme
instructive
comitative umbrinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative umbranne umbranne
accusative nom. umbranne umbranne
gen. umbranne
genitive umbranne umbrienne
umbrainne rare
partitive umbraanne umbrianne
inessive umbrassanne umbrissanne
elative umbrastanne umbristanne
illative umbraanne umbriinne
adessive umbrallanne umbrillanne
ablative umbraltanne umbriltanne
allative umbrallenne umbrillenne
essive umbrananne umbrinanne
translative umbraksenne umbriksenne
abessive umbrattanne umbrittanne
instructive
comitative umbrinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative umbransa umbransa
accusative nom. umbransa umbransa
gen. umbransa
genitive umbransa umbriensa
umbrainsa rare
partitive umbraansa umbriaan
umbriansa
inessive umbrassaan
umbrassansa
umbrissaan
umbrissansa
elative umbrastaan
umbrastansa
umbristaan
umbristansa
illative umbraansa umbriinsa
adessive umbrallaan
umbrallansa
umbrillaan
umbrillansa
ablative umbraltaan
umbraltansa
umbriltaan
umbriltansa
allative umbralleen
umbrallensa
umbrilleen
umbrillensa
essive umbranaan
umbranansa
umbrinaan
umbrinansa
translative umbrakseen
umbraksensa
umbrikseen
umbriksensa
abessive umbrattaan
umbrattansa
umbrittaan
umbrittansa
instructive
comitative umbrineen
umbrinensa

Synonyms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Interlingua

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Etymology

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From Latin.

Noun

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umbra (plural umbras)

  1. shadow

Italian

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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umbra

  1. feminine singular of umbro

Noun

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umbra f (plural umbre)

  1. female equivalent of umbro

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology

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Generally connected with Lithuanian unksna (shade), from Proto-Indo-European *wnksrā-. This term is tentatively derived from Proto-Indo-European *(H)wenk- (to bend); however, the semantic leaps required to go from "bend" to "shade" are large and unlikely.[1]

Alternatively, if from Old Latin *omra, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂mr-u-, *h₂mrup-; related to Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, dark), Luwian 𒈠𒅈𒉿𒄿𒀀 (rot), and 𒈠𒊒𒉿𒄿 (rotten) (also see Hittite Maraššantiya, their name for the Kızılırmak River), and this Indo-European source is said to be a possible borrowing from a Semitic root ḥ-m-r (be red), compare Arabic ح م ر (ḥ m r).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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umbra f (genitive umbrae); first declension

  1. shadow
  2. shade, ghost, phantom, apparition
  3. (plural) the realm of shades, the shades, the world below or underworld
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.25-26:
      “[...] vel Pater omnipotēns adigat mē fulmine ad umbrās,
      pallentīs umbrās Erebī noctemque profundam, [...].”
      “[...] or the Father almighty hurl me with his thunderbolt to the shades, the pallid shades and boundless night of Erebus [...].”
      (That is, the Underworld, or land of the dead. The repetition is an example of epanalepsis.)
  4. drumfish

Declension

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First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative umbra umbrae
Genitive umbrae umbrārum
Dative umbrae umbrīs
Accusative umbram umbrās
Ablative umbrā umbrīs
Vocative umbra umbrae

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  • umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • umbra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • umbra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to exert oneself in the schools: desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis
  • umbra”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 639
  2. ^ Whitehead, The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics, p. 13

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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From Latin umbra (shade, shadow).

Noun

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umbra m (definite singular umbraen, indefinite plural umbraer or umbraar, definite plural umbraene or umbraane)

  1. (chemistry)
  2. a dark earthy colour
  3. (astronomy) the shade from a planet
  4. (astronomy, by extension) central region of a sunspot

References

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Romanian

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Noun

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umbra f

  1. definite nominative/accusative singular of umbră

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈumbɾa/ [ˈũm.bɾa]
  • Rhymes: -umbɾa
  • Syllabification: um‧bra

Etymology 1

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Noun

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umbra f (plural umbras)

  1. female equivalent of umbro

Adjective

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umbra

  1. feminine singular of umbro

Etymology 2

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Noun

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umbra f (plural umbras)

  1. (obsolete) shade, shadow

Further reading

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