Wiktionary

fog

See also: FOG and fóg

EnglishEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
Trees in fog

PronunciationEdit

  • (UK) IPA(key): /fɒɡ/
  • (US) IPA(key): /fɑɡ/, /fɔɡ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒɡ

Etymology 1Edit

Origin uncertain; but probably of North Germanic origin. Probably either a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall grass; thick, marshy”), from the earlier-attested fog (“tall grass”) (see below),[1][2] or from or related to Danish fog (“spray, shower, drift, storm”),[2] related to Icelandic fok (“spray, any light thing tossed by the wind, snowdrift”), Icelandic fjúka (“to blow, drive”), from Proto-Germanic *feukaną (“to whisk, blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pug- (“billow, bulge, drift”), from *pew-, *pow- (“to blow, drift, billow”), in which case related to German fauchen (“to hiss, spit, spray”).

NounEdit

fog (countable and uncountable, plural fogs)

  1. (uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud. (Compare mist, haze.)
    a bank of fog
    • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
      Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
    Synonyms: haze, mist
  2. (uncountable) A mist or film clouding a surface.
    Synonym: steam
  3. A state of mind characterized by lethargy and confusion.
    He did so many drugs, he was still in a fog three months after going through detox.
    • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 4, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
      I was on my way to the door, but all at once, through the fog in my head, I began to sight one reef that I hadn't paid any attention to afore.
    Synonyms: daze, haze
  4. (photography) A silver deposit or other blur on a negative or developed photographic image.
  5. (computer graphics) Distance fog.
Usage notesEdit
  • To count the sense thick cloud, "bank of fog" is usually used.
  • To count the sense clouding a surface, "foggy patch" is usually used.
HypernymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

VerbEdit

fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

  1. (intransitive) To become covered with or as if with fog.
  2. (intransitive) To become obscured in condensation or water.
    The mirror fogged every time he showered.
    Synonyms: become cloudy, become steamy
  3. (intransitive, photography) To become dim or obscure.
  4. (transitive, photography) To make dim or obscure.
  5. (transitive, photography) To spoil (film) via exposure to light other than in the normal process of taking a photograph.
  6. (transitive) To cover with or as if with fog.
    • 1968, Eighth Annual Report, Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, p 7:
      Fogging for adult mosquito control began on June 4th in residential areas. Until September 25th, the Metro area was fogged eleven times, using nine truck-mounted foggers, eight hand swing foggers, and two boats.
  7. (transitive) To disperse insecticide into (a forest canopy) so as to collect organisms.
  8. (transitive) To obscure in condensation or water.
    • 2008, United States Congress, House Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity - Foreclosure, Foreclosure Prevention and Intervention: The Importance of Loss Mitigation, page 46:
      Unfortunately, the pendulum has swung way too far to the other end where the saying in the industry is is[sic] that if you could fog a mirror, you could get a loan.
  9. (transitive) To make confusing or obscure.
    Synonyms: blur, cloud, obscure
  10. To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog.
    • a. 1701 (date written)​, John Dryden, “The Counter Scuffle”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC:
      Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English fogge (“tall grass”), probably from Norwegian fogg (“tall, worthless grass”); compare Scots fog (“moss; lichen”).

NounEdit

fog (uncountable)

  1. A new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed.
    Synonyms: aftergrass, aftermath, eddish
    • 1800, John Lawrenece, The New Farmer's Calendar; Or, Monthly Remembrancer, for All Kinds of Country Business: Comprehending All the Material Improvements in the New Husbandry ... By a Farmer and Breeder [i.e. J. Lawrence]., page 114:
      The inclosures of fog, or aftergrass, reserved for spring-feed, are now supposed to be shut up, also the burnet, which is never to be fed in autumn ...
  2. (UK, dialect) Tall and decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season.
    Synonym: foggage
    • 1744, William Agric Ellis, The Modern Husbandman, page 104:
      […] and they generally leave a great deal of Fog to rot on the Ground, which, with the Help of his well turned Dung-hill, dress his Ground […]
  3. (Scotland) Moss.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Scottish: moss — see moss

VerbEdit

fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

  1. (transitive) To pasture cattle on the fog (of), or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from (a field).
  2. (intransitive) To become covered with the kind of grass called fog.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ “fog”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “fog”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

AnagramsEdit

HungarianEdit

 
(1) fogja a kormányt
 
(3) bagoly egeret fogott

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Ugric *puŋɜ- (“to grasp, to catch”). Cognates include Mansi пуви (puvi).[1][2]

VerbEdit

fog

  2. (transitive) to hold (to keep in one's hands)
    • 1983, Mihály Padisák, chapter I, in Gyalog Juli‎[1]:
      Valaki ült is mellette, fogta a kezét, de az arcát valahogy nem látta.
      Somebody was sitting next to her, held her hand, but somehow she couldn't see his face.
  3. (transitive) to take (to get into one's hands)
    • 1885, Mór Jókai, chapter XXIII, in A lőcsei fehér asszony:
      Itt van, fogd ezt a levelet; és aztán olvasd el, mikor egyedül leszesz.
      Here, take this letter; read it when you're alone.
  4. (transitive) to catch, to capture (to seize by force, especially to grab or trap an animal)
    • 1969, Tekla Dömötör (editor), “Történetek a ravasz nyulacskáról”, in A mesemondó szikla‎[2]:
      Mikor eljött az ebédidő, medve koma úgy látta, hogy elég halat fogott, s elhatározta, hogy hazamegy.
      When lunchtime came, uncle bear found that he had caught enough fish and decided to go home.
  5. (transitive, broadcasting) to receive (to detect a signal from a transmitter)
    • 1996, István Kamarás; István Péter Németh, “Világverseny a berekben”, in Origósdi‎[3]:
      Egyébként egészen jól lehetett fogni az adást.
      As a matter of fact, I received the broadcast quite clearly.
  6. (transitive, by extension, slang) to listen to, to hear, to understand (to pay attention to someone)
    • 2007, Csilla Tóth, chapter 4, in Körbe ég‎[4]:
      Fogod, amit mondok? Észnél vagy?
      Do you hear what I'm sayin'? Are you out of your mind?
  7. (transitive, intransitive followed by rajta) to affect, to harm (to have an effect on, especially detrimentally)
    • 1971, Ervin Lázár, chapter 3, in A fehér tigris‎[5]:
      Valaki azt is mondta, hogy le akarták lőni, de nem fogja a golyó.
      Someone even said that they had wanted to shoot it, but bullets wouldn't harm it.
  8. (intransitive) to write (of a pen or other writing instrument, to leave a mark)
    • 2009, Attila Salga, “A félresikerült randi”, in Mi lenne velem nélkülem?‎[6]:
      Olyan furcsa volt, ahogyan felírta a rendelést: nem fogott a tolla, és elkezdte rázni.
      It was strange, the way she took the order: her pen wouldn't write, and she started shaking it.
  9. (intransitive) to transfer (of ink or dye, to leave a stain upon contact)
    • 1980, Károly Gombos, “Régi kaukázusi azerbajdzsán szőnyegek”, in Művészettörténeti Értesítő‎[7], volume 29, number 1:
      A rossz festékekkel megfestett újabb szőnyegeken a kék színek fognak, mosás közben kék színt eresztenek [...]
      In newer carpets dyed with poor dyes, the blue colors transfer, they bleed blue color when being washed [...]
  10. (transitive, ball games) to mark (to follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending)
    • 1960, György Cseuz, “Csak a Csepel Autó nyert”, in Pest Megyei Hírlap‎[8], volume 4, number 139:
      Csikós I nem fogta a balösszekötőt, az kiugrott és gólt lőtt.
      Csikós I didn't mark the inside left, who sprang forward and scored a goal.
  11. (auxiliary, with an infinitive, only in present indicative) will, going to (used to form the future tense)
    • 1924, Margarete Böhme; Elza Pogány (translator), Egy mozgalmas élet története‎[9]:
      Most azonban jó lesz sietve hazamenni, mert mindjárt esni fog.
      But now we'd better go home quickly, because it's going to rain soon.
  12. (reflexively, as fogja magát, with definite conjugation) to up and (to do something abruptly or unexpectedly)
    • 2004, Csaba Fecske, “A rokonok”, in Csalapinta villanytörpék‎[10]:
      Fogta magát, és szó nélkül berohant a szobájába.
      He just up and ran off into his room without a word.
ConjugationEdit
conjugation of fog
1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. fogok fogsz fog fogunk fogtok fognak
Def. fogom fogod fogja fogjuk fogjátok fogják
2nd-p. o. foglak ―
Past Indef. fogtam fogtál fogott fogtunk fogtatok fogtak
Def. fogtam fogtad fogta fogtuk fogtátok fogták
2nd-p. o. fogtalak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. fognék fognál fogna fognánk fognátok fognának
Def. fognám fognád fogná fognánk
(or fognók) 		fognátok fognák
2nd-p. o. fognálak ―
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. fogjak fogj or
fogjál 		fogjon fogjunk fogjatok fogjanak
Def. fogjam fogd or
fogjad 		fogja fogjuk fogjátok fogják
2nd-p. o. fogjalak ―
Infinitive fogni fognom fognod fognia fognunk fognotok fogniuk
Other nonfinite
verb forms 		Verbal noun Present participle Past participle Future part. Adverbial part. Potential
fogás fogó fogott fogandó fogva foghat
Derived termsEdit

(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Uralic *piŋe. Cognates include Mansi пуӈк (puňk), Erzya пей (pej), Finnish pii.

NounEdit

fog (plural fogak)

  2. (anatomy) tooth
    Ez a fog lyukas. ― This tooth has a cavity.
  3. tooth, cog
    Egy átlagos hegyikerékpár hátsó fogaskerekein rendre 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 34 fog van.
    There are 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 34 teeth on a standard mountain bike's rear sprockets.
  4. tooth (a sharp projection on a saw or similar implement)
    A fűrész egyik foga hiányzik. ― One of the saw’s teeth is missing.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative fog fogak
accusative fogat fogakat
dative fognak fogaknak
instrumental foggal fogakkal
causal-final fogért fogakért
translative foggá fogakká
terminative fogig fogakig
essive-formal fogként fogakként
essive-modal — —
inessive fogban fogakban
superessive fogon fogakon
adessive fognál fogaknál
illative fogba fogakba
sublative fogra fogakra
allative foghoz fogakhoz
elative fogból fogakból
delative fogról fogakról
ablative fogtól fogaktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		fogé fogaké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		fogéi fogakéi
Possessive forms of fog
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. fogam fogaim
2nd person sing. fogad fogaid
3rd person sing. foga fogai
1st person plural fogunk fogaink
2nd person plural fogatok fogaitok
3rd person plural foguk fogaik
Derived termsEdit
Compound words
Expressions

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Entry #1830 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
  2. ^ fog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further readingEdit

  • (to hold, catch): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (tooth, cog): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

PortugueseEdit

NounEdit

fog m (plural fogs)

  1. (clarification of this definition is needed) fog

SwedishEdit

NounEdit

fog n (not commonly inflected)

  1. Valid cause, valid reason.
    Hon har fog för sin oro. ― She has reason to be worried.
  2. (dated) Appropriate manner to proceed.

Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

fog c

  1. joint, seam
    Fogarna mellan kakelplattorna hade blivit missfärgade med åren. ― The joints between the glazed tiles had become discoloured with the years.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of fog 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative fog fogen fogar fogarna
Genitive fogs fogens fogars fogarnas

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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