felül
See also: felül-
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Lexicalization of föl (“upper part”, obsolete) + -l (ablative suffix), compare mögül etc.[1]
Alternative forms edit
Adverb edit
felül
Usage notes edit
This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with felül-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see felül-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.
Derived terms edit
Compound words
Postposition edit
felül
- (often figuratively) above, superior to, surpassing, in addition to (with -n/-on/-en/-ön)
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
felül
- (intransitive) to sit up (to assume a sitting position from a position lying down)
- felül az ágyban ― to sit up in bed
- (intransitive) to get on, to mount, to bestride (to place oneself on something, as a horse or vehicle) (followed by -ra/-re)
- Felültek a villamosra. ― They got on the tram.
- Felültek a lovukra. ― They mounted their horses.
- Felültek az ablakpárkányra ― They sit down on the windowsill.
- (intransitive) to be taken in, to fall for (to be deceived, to be fooled)
Conjugation edit
conjugation of felül
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | felülök | felülsz | felül | felülünk | felültök | felülnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | felültem | felültél | felült | felültünk | felültetek | felültek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fel fog ülni. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | felülék | felülél | felüle | felülénk | felülétek | felülének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. felül vala, felült vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | felülendek | felülendesz | felülend | felülendünk | felülendetek | felülendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | felülnék | felülnél | felülne | felülnénk | felülnétek | felülnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. felült volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | felüljek | felülj or felüljél |
felüljön | felüljünk | felüljetek | felüljenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. felült légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | felülni | felülnöm | felülnöd | felülnie | felülnünk | felülnötök | felülniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
felülés | felülő | felült | ― | felülve (felülvén) | felültet | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ül fel or fel is ül. |
potential conjugation of felül
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | felülhetek | felülhetsz | felülhet | felülhetünk | felülhettek | felülhetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | felülhettem | felülhettél | felülhetett | felülhettünk | felülhettetek | felülhettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | felülheték | felülhetél | felülhete | felülheténk | felülhetétek | felülhetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. felülhet vala, felülhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | felülhetendek or felülandhatok |
felülhetendesz or felülandhatsz |
felülhetend or felülandhat |
felülhetendünk or felülandhatunk |
felülhetendetek or felülandhattok |
felülhetendenek or felülandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | felülhetnék | felülhetnél | felülhetne | felülhetnénk | felülhetnétek | felülhetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. felülhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | felülhessek | felülhess or felülhessél |
felülhessen | felülhessünk | felülhessetek | felülhessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. felülhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (felülhetni) | (felülhetnem) | (felülhetned) | (felülhetnie) | (felülhetnünk) | (felülhetnetek) | (felülhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (felülhetve / felülhetvén) | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ülhet fel or fel is ülhet. |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ felül in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading edit
- (above): felül in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to sit up): felül in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN