insto

See also: instó

Latin

Etymology

From in- (“after”) +‎ stō (“to stand”). The meaning developed from “stand behind” to “pursue, be imminent” to “press, urge”.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈin.stoː/, [ˈĩːs̠t̪oː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈin.sto/, [ˈinst̪o]

Verb

īnstō (present infinitive īnstāre, perfect active īnstitī, future participle īnstātūrus); first conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle, limited passive

1. (transitive, intransitive) I stand upon, set foot on.
2. I am nearby, close to, am imminent

   Synonyms: subsum, astō, immineo, stō, contingo, praesēns

   Antonyms: dissideō, distō, abstō

3. (transitive, intransitive, with accusative or dative) I assail, press upon, harass.

   Synonyms: invādō, oppugnō, incurrō, impetō, incessō, aggredior, excurrō, concurrō, occurrō, petō, inruō, accēdō, intrō, incēdō, incidō, irrumpō, adorior, adeō, opprimō, accurrō, appetō, arripiō, assiliō, invehō, lacessō

   Antonyms: repugnō, resistō, adversor, obversor, obstō, sistō

   • Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 37:

     instantes cedentibus

     while pressing the retreating (soldiers)

4. (intransitive, with dative) I urge, pursue, insist, I am intent upon.

   Synonyms: exsequor, persequor, sequor, cōnsequor, premō, agō, apīscor

5. (transitive) I urge (forward), ply.
6. (intransitive) I am pressing, draw nigh, approach, threaten.

   Synonym: immineō

Conjugation

Conjugation of īnstō (first conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle, only third-person forms in passive)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	īnstō	īnstās	īnstat	īnstāmus	īnstātis	īnstant
	imperfect	īnstābam	īnstābās	īnstābat	īnstābāmus	īnstābātis	īnstābant
	future	īnstābō	īnstābis	īnstābit	īnstābimus	īnstābitis	īnstābunt
	perfect	īnstitī	īnstitistī	īnstitit	īnstitimus	īnstitistis	īnstitērunt, īnstitēre
	pluperfect	īnstiteram	īnstiterās	īnstiterat	īnstiterāmus	īnstiterātis	īnstiterant
	future perfect	īnstiterō	īnstiteris	īnstiterit	īnstiterimus	īnstiteritis	īnstiterint
passive	present	—	—	īnstātur	—	—	īnstantur
	imperfect	—	—	īnstābātur	—	—	īnstābantur
	future	—	—	īnstābitur	—	—	īnstābuntur
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	īnstem	īnstēs	īnstet	īnstēmus	īnstētis	īnstent
	imperfect	īnstārem	īnstārēs	īnstāret	īnstārēmus	īnstārētis	īnstārent
	perfect	īnstiterim	īnstiterīs	īnstiterit	īnstiterīmus	īnstiterītis	īnstiterint
	pluperfect	īnstitissem	īnstitissēs	īnstitisset	īnstitissēmus	īnstitissētis	īnstitissent
passive	present	—	—	īnstētur	—	—	īnstentur
	imperfect	—	—	īnstārētur	—	—	īnstārentur
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	īnstā	—	—	īnstāte	—
	future	—	īnstātō	īnstātō	—	īnstātōte	īnstantō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		īnstāre	īnstitisse	īnstātūrum esse	īnstārī	—	—
participles		īnstāns	—	īnstātūrus	—	—	īnstandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		īnstandī	īnstandō	īnstandum	īnstandō	—	—

Descendants

• English: instant

References

• insto in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

Further reading

• “insto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “insto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• insto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a war is imminent: bellum impendet, imminet, instat
    
  • to press the fugitives: fugientibus instare
    
• insto in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• instant in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

Spanish

Verb

insto

1. first-person singular present indicative of instar