kün-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kun"

Ye'kwana

Alternative forms

• kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- (allomorphs)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɨn-]

Prefix

kün-

1. Marks a transitive verb in a distant past tense (perfective -i or imperfective -akö) as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
2. Marks an intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument in a distant past tense (perfective -i or imperfective -akö) as having a third-person argument/subject.

Usage notes

The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:

• kün- if the first syllable begins with a vowel or consonant other than j or y and its vowel is anything but u or i.
• kun- if the first syllable begins with a vowel or consonant other than j or y and its vowel is u.
• kin- if the first syllable begins with i or y. If it begins with y, the n and y assimilate together into nñ.
• occasionally ken- if the first syllable begins with a vowel or consonant other than j or y and its vowel is e.
• küm- if the first syllable begins with j and its vowel is anything but u or i.
• kum- if the first syllable begins with j and its vowel is u.
• kim- if the first syllable begins with j and its vowel is i.
• kini- if the first syllable begins with two consonants.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[1], Lyon, pages 184–185