Swahili

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Verb

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-kopiana (infinitive kukopiana)

  1. Reciprocal form of -kopi

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -kopiana
Positive present -nakopiana
Subjunctive -kopiane
Negative -kopiani
Imperative singular kopiana
Infinitives
Positive kukopiana
Negative kutokopiana
Imperatives
Singular kopiana
Plural kopianeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukopiana
Positive past positive subject concord + -likopiana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukopiana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakopiana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakopiana/nakopiana tunakopiana
2nd person unakopiana mnakopiana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakopiana wanakopiana
other classes positive subject concord + -nakopiana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kopiani)
Singular Plural
1st person sikopiani hatukopiani
2nd person hukopiani hamkopiani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakopiani hawakopiani
other classes negative subject concord + -kopiani
Positive future positive subject concord + -takopiana
Negative future negative subject concord + -takopiana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kopiane)
Singular Plural
1st person nikopiane tukopiane
2nd person ukopiane mkopiane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akopiane wakopiane
other classes positive subject concord + -kopiane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikopiane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekopiana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekopiana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikopiana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikopiana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akopiana)
Singular Plural
1st person nakopiana twakopiana
2nd person wakopiana mwakopiana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akopiana wakopiana
m-mi(III/IV) wakopiana yakopiana
ji-ma(V/VI) lakopiana yakopiana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakopiana vyakopiana
n(IX/X) yakopiana zakopiana
u(XI) wakopiana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakopiana
pa(XVI) pakopiana
mu(XVIII) mwakopiana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekopiana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakopiana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakopiana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikopiana
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokopiana
Consecutive kakopiana / positive subject concord + -kakopiana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakopiane
Object concord
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -kopiana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kopianaye -kopianao
m-mi(III/IV) -kopianao -kopianayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kopianalo -kopianayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kopianacho -kopianavyo
n(IX/X) -kopianayo -kopianazo
u(XI) -kopianao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopianako
pa(XVI) -kopianapo
mu(XVIII) -kopianamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kopiana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekopiana -okopiana
m-mi(III/IV) -okopiana -yokopiana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokopiana -yokopiana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokopiana -vyokopiana
n(IX/X) -yokopiana -zokopiana
u(XI) -okopiana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokopiana
pa(XVI) -pokopiana
mu(XVIII) -mokopiana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.