Azerbaijani

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Other scripts
Cyrillic на-
Abjad ناـ

Etymology

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Borrowed from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): [nɑ]

Prefix

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na- (rarely productive)

  1. un-, non-, in-
    Synonym: qeyri-
    na- + ‎tamam (complete) → ‎natamam (incomplete)
  2. -less
    Synonym: -siz
    na- + ‎ümid (hope) → ‎naümid (hopeless)

Derived terms

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Big Nambas

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *na.

Article

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na-

  1. The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.

Derived terms

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References

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Chichewa

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ná-

  1. Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.

Curripaco

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Prefix

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na-

  1. third person plural agent marker

References

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  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech na-, from Proto-Slavic *na-. Doublet of ná-. From the preposition na.

Prefix

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na-

  1. a prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on
  2. (as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot
    na- + ‎představovat se (present onself) → ‎napředstavovat se (present oneself many times)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • na- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Dutch

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Etymology

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Derived from the preposition na

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Prefix

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na-

  1. after

Antonyms

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voor-

Derived terms

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Gunwinggu

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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na-

  1. male prefix added onto human words.
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References

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  • Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)

Ilocano

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Prefix

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na- (Kur-itan spelling )

  1. forms adjectives indicating a quality
    na- + ‎dalus (cleanliness) → ‎nadalus (clean)

Derived terms

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Kambera

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Pronoun

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na-

  1. third person singular nominative proclitic

See also

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Kambera pronominal clitics
nominative genitive accusative dative
singular first person ku- -nggu -ka -ngga
second person mu- (u-) -mu -kau -nggau
third person na- -na -ya -nya
plural first
person
inclusive ta- -nda -ta -nda
exclusive ma- -ma -kama -nggama
second person mi- (i-) -mi -kami (-kai) -nggami (-nggai)
third person da- -da -ha -nja

Makasar

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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na- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling )

  1. he, she, it, they (third person singular and plural)

See also

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Makasar free and bound pronouns
independent absolutive nominative possessive
1st sg / 1st pl exclusive nakke -a' ku- -ku
1st pl exclusive (archaic) kambe -kang ki- -mang
1st pl inclusive / 2nd sg polite katte -ki' ki- -ta
2nd sg / pl familiar kau -ko nu- -nu
3rd sg / pl ia -i na- -na

Mwotlap

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Etymology

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From Proto-Torres-Banks *na, from Proto-Oceanic *na (noun article).

Article

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na-

  1. a, the (singular article for common nouns)

Morphophonology

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  • When followed by a noun starting with a vowel, the vowel of na- is elided:
na- +‎ ēm̄nēm̄ (house)
  • When followed by a noun starting with a single consonant, na- normally changes its vowel to a clone of the vowel in the next syllable:
na- +‎ (water)
na- +‎ vinhenivinhe (bamboo)
  • When followed by a noun starting with two underlying consonants, na- normally remains unchanged:
na- +‎ l(ō)qōvēnnalqōvēn (woman)

Semantics

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nalqōvēn (a woman)
— opp. yoge lōqōvēn (two women), tēlge lōqōvēn (three women), ige lōqōvēn (women).
  • For [-human] referents, the number value of the article is unspecified.
(water)
nēm̄ (a house, houses; the house, the houses)

References

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Etymology 1

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Prefix

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na-

  1. Marks the continuative aspect, describing actions that take place over an indefinite time and move without a fixed direction or goal. Can also be translated as 'around about, here and there,' and is sometimes referred to as an atelic prefix.
    na- + ‎-nish (work) → ‎naalnish (have a job, work)
Usage notes
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  • This prefix is realized as ni- before the fourth-person prefix ji-, the distributive plural prefix da-, and all of the si- perfective prefixes except s/z-: nijiné (someone is playing), not *najiné, and nidajiné (some people are playing), not *nadajiné.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Prefix

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na-

  1. Marks the diversitative aspect on certain verbs, indicating action taking place in multiple places ("here and there") without taking place over a specific period of time

Etymology 3

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Prefix

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na-

Etymology 4

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Prefix

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na-

See also

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References

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  • Young, Robert W & William Morgan, Sr. The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 1987.

Old English

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Etymology

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From .

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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nā-

  1. Denotes absence or lack

See also

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Old Polish

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /na(ː)/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /na/, /nɒ/

    Prefix

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    na-

    1. added to verbs to make them perfective
      na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać
    2. added to verbs to mean onto
      na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć
    3. added to verbs to with various meanings
      na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Polish: na-

    Polish

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    Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Polish na-. Doublet of ana-.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /na/
      • Rhymes: -a
      • Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

      Prefix

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      na-

      1. added to verbs to make them perfective
        na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać
      2. added to verbs to mean onto
        na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć
      3. added to verbs to with various meanings
        na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

      Derived terms

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      Slovene

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.

      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      na-

      1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
        1. (no change in meaning)
          na- + ‎pisáti (to write) → ‎napisáti (to write)
        2. onto, into
          na- + ‎líti (to pour) → ‎nalíti (to pour in)
        3. a little, to begin to
          na- + ‎krivīti (to bend) → ‎nakrivīti (to bend a little)
          na- + ‎gníti (to rot) → ‎nagníti (to begin to rot)
        4. enough of, a sufficient amount of
          na- + ‎cepīti (to chop) → ‎nacepīti (to chop enough of)
        5. (reflexive) excessively, thoroughly
          na- + ‎píti (to drink) → ‎napíti (to drink one's fill, get drunk)

      Derived terms

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      Slovincian

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      Etymology

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        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.

        Pronunciation

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        Prefix

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        na-

        1. added to verbs to make them perfective, often meaning "to do X verb much or enough"
          na- + ‎ochac → ‎naochac

        Derived terms

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        Swahili

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        Prefix

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        na-

        1. Contraction of ni- + -a-.
        2. Contraction of ni- + -na-.
          Synonym: nina-

        Tagalog

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        Pronunciation

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        • (Standard Tagalog)
          • IPA(key): /na/ [n̪ɐ] (complete aspect prefix)
          • IPA(key): /ˈna/ [ˈn̪aː] (progressive aspect prefix)
        • Syllabification: na-

        Prefix

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        na- (Baybayin spelling )

        1. used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-

        Prefix

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        ná- (Baybayin spelling )

        1. (dialectal) used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-

        Usage notes

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        • The dialectal prefix, when written, is generally a source of confusion and mockery for the majority of Tagalog speakers, but the two actually differ by pronunciation. The na-, where it indicates a perfective aspect, is pronounced without stress, while the na- prefix, where it indicates a progressive aspect in some dialects, is pronounced with stress.
          Nakain siya ng isda.
          He/She happened to be eaten by the fish.
          kain siya ng isda.
          He/She is eating fish.

        Derived terms

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        See also

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        Anagrams

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        Ternate

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        Pronoun

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        na-

        1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
          Synonym: nga-
        2. second-person plural possessive prefix, your
          Synonym: nia-
        3. (human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their
          Synonym: nga-

        See also

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        Ternate personal pronouns
        independent subject proclitic possessive
        informal formal
        singular 1st person ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
        2nd person ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
        3rd person unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
        plural 1st person inclusive ngone fo na, nga
        1st person exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif,
        fara ngomi1
        mi mi, mia
        2nd person ngoni ni na, nia
        3rd person anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
        • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
        • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
        • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
        • † - archaic

        References

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        • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

        Turkish

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ناـ (nâ-), from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

        Prefix

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        na- (rarely productive)

        1. un-, non-, in-
          Synonym: gayri-
          na- + ‎tamam (complete) → ‎natamam (incomplete)
        2. -less
          Synonym: -siz
          na- + ‎ümit (hope) → ‎naümit (hopeless)

        Derived terms

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        West Makian

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        Etymology 1

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        Cognate with Ternate na- (our).

        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        na-

        1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
        Usage notes
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        The possessive prefix na- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, or no-.

        Alternative forms
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        See also

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        West Makian personal pronouns
        independent possessive prefix
        1st person singular de ti
        2nd person singular ni ni
        3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
        1st person plural inclusive ene nV
        exclusive imi mi
        2nd person plural ini fi
        3rd person plural eme di

        V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
        following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

        Etymology 2

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        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        na-

        1. second-person singular clitic, you
          nocoyou see
        Usage notes
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        The prefix na- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, no-, or nu-.

        Alternative forms
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        References

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        • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics

        Xhosa

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        Preposition

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        na-

        1. with, in company of
        2. (with subject concord) to have

        Conjunction

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        na-

        1. and (joining individual words)

        Zulu

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        Pronunciation

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        Preposition

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        na-

        1. with, in company of
        2. (with subject concord) to have

        Usage notes

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        The meaning "have" can be analysed more literally as "to be with". In the negative, a- is prefixed to the subject concord, and the initial vowel of the noun prefix is dropped:

        • Nginekati.I have a cat.
        • Anginakati.I don't have a cat.

        Conjunction

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        na-

        1. and (joining individual words)
          Synonym: futhi
        2. also, too
          Synonym: futhi
        3. even (implying an extreme example)

        References

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