na-
Page categories
Azerbaijani
editCyrillic | на- | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | ناـ |
Etymology
editBorrowed from Persian ناـ (nâ-).
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editna- (rarely productive)
Derived terms
editBig Nambas
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Oceanic *na.
Article
editna-
- The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox
Chichewa
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editná-
- Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.
Curripaco
editPrefix
editna-
- third person plural agent marker
References
edit- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398
Czech
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Czech na-, from Proto-Slavic *na-. Doublet of ná-. From the preposition na.
Prefix
editna-
- a prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on
- (as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot
- na- + představovat se (“present onself”) → napředstavovat se (“present oneself many times”)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- na- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Dutch
editEtymology
editDerived from the preposition na
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Prefix
editna-
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editGunwinggu
editPronunciation
editPrefix
editna-
- male prefix added onto human words.
Related terms
editReferences
edit- Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)
Ilocano
editPrefix
editna- (Kur-itan spelling ᜈ)
Derived terms
editKambera
editPronoun
editna-
- third person singular nominative proclitic
See also
editnominative | genitive | accusative | dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first person | ku- | -nggu | -ka | -ngga | |
second person | mu- (u-) | -mu | -kau | -nggau | ||
third person | na- | -na | -ya | -nya | ||
plural | first person |
inclusive | ta- | -nda | -ta | -nda |
exclusive | ma- | -ma | -kama | -nggama | ||
second person | mi- (i-) | -mi | -kami (-kai) | -nggami (-nggai) | ||
third person | da- | -da | -ha | -nja |
Makasar
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editna- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨊ)
See also
editMwotlap
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Torres-Banks *na, from Proto-Oceanic *na (“noun article”).
Article
editna-
Morphophonology
edit- When followed by a noun starting with a vowel, the vowel of na- is elided:
- When followed by a noun starting with a single consonant, na- normally changes its vowel to a clone of the vowel in the next syllable:
- When followed by a noun starting with two underlying consonants, na- normally remains unchanged:
Semantics
edit- General determiner; does not encode definiteness.
- Forms the determinate form of most nouns.
- For [+human] referents, the number value is singular, contrasting with dual yoge, trial tēlge, plural ige.
- nalqōvēn (“a woman”)
- — opp. yoge lōqōvēn (“two women”), tēlge lōqōvēn (“three women”), ige lōqōvēn (“women”).
- For [-human] referents, the number value of the article is unspecified.
References
edit- François, Alexandre. 2005. A typological overview of Mwotlap, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. Linguistic typology 9 (1): 115–146. DOI:10.1515/lity.2005.9.1.115.
- François, Alexandre. 2007. Noun articles in Torres and Banks languages: Conservation and innovation. In Siegel, Jeff; Lynch, John; Eades, Diana (eds.), Language Description, History and Development: Linguistic indulgence in memory of Terry Crowley, 313–326. (Creole Language Library 30) Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Navajo
editEtymology 1
editPrefix
editna-
- Marks the continuative aspect, describing actions that take place over an indefinite time and move without a fixed direction or goal. Can also be translated as 'around about, here and there,' and is sometimes referred to as an atelic prefix.
Usage notes
edit- This prefix is realized as ni- before the fourth-person prefix ji-, the distributive plural prefix da-, and all of the si- perfective prefixes except s/z-: nijiné (“someone is playing”), not *najiné, and nidajiné (“some people are playing”), not *nadajiné.
See also
editEtymology 2
editPrefix
editna-
- Marks the diversitative aspect on certain verbs, indicating action taking place in multiple places ("here and there") without taking place over a specific period of time
Etymology 3
editPrefix
editna-
Etymology 4
editPrefix
editna-
See also
editReferences
edit- Young, Robert W & William Morgan, Sr. The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary. University of New Mexico Press. Albuquerque, NM: 1987.
Old English
editEtymology
editFrom nā.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editnā-
- Denotes absence or lack
See also
editOld Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editna-
- added to verbs to make them perfective
- added to verbs to mean onto
- added to verbs to with various meanings
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Polish: na-
Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish na-. Doublet of ana-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editna-
- added to verbs to make them perfective
- added to verbs to mean onto
- added to verbs to with various meanings
Derived terms
editSlovene
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editna-
- Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
- (no change in meaning)
- onto, into
- a little, to begin to
- enough of, a sufficient amount of
- (reflexive) excessively, thoroughly
Derived terms
editSlovincian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editna-
- added to verbs to make them perfective, often meaning "to do X verb much or enough"
Derived terms
editSwahili
editPrefix
editna-
Tagalog
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: na-
Prefix
editna- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
- used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-
Prefix
editná- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
Usage notes
edit- The dialectal prefix, when written, is generally a source of confusion and mockery for the majority of Tagalog speakers, but the two actually differ by pronunciation. The na-, where it indicates a perfective aspect, is pronounced without stress, while the na- prefix, where it indicates a progressive aspect in some dialects, is pronounced with stress.
- Nakain siya ng isda.
- He/She happened to be eaten by the fish.
- Nákain siya ng isda.
- He/She is eating fish.
Derived terms
editSee also
editAnagrams
editTernate
editPronoun
editna-
- first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
- Synonym: nga-
- second-person plural possessive prefix, your
- Synonym: nia-
- (human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their
- Synonym: nga-
See also
editindependent | subject proclitic | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
informal | formal | ||||
singular | 1st person | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri |
2nd person | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | |
3rd person | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | ||
plural | 1st person inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |
1st person exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 |
mi | mi, mia | |
2nd person | ngoni | ni | na, nia | ||
3rd person | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
References
edit- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Turkish
editEtymology
editInherited from Ottoman Turkish ناـ (nâ-), from Persian ناـ (nâ-).
Prefix
editna- (rarely productive)
Derived terms
editWest Makian
editEtymology 1
editCognate with Ternate na- (“our”).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editna-
- first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
Usage notes
editThe possessive prefix na- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, or no-.
Alternative forms
editSee also
editindependent | possessive prefix | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti | |
2nd person singular | ni | ni | |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. | |
1st person plural | inclusive | ene | nV |
exclusive | imi | mi | |
2nd person plural | ini | fi | |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editna-
- second-person singular clitic, you
- noco ― you see
Usage notes
editThe prefix na- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, no-, or nu-.
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
Xhosa
editPreposition
editna-
Conjunction
editna-
- and (joining individual words)
Zulu
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editna-
Usage notes
editThe meaning "have" can be analysed more literally as "to be with". In the negative, a- is prefixed to the subject concord, and the initial vowel of the noun prefix is dropped:
- Nginekati. ― I have a cat.
- Anginakati. ― I don't have a cat.
Conjunction
editna-
- and (joining individual words)
- Synonym: futhi
- also, too
- Synonym: futhi
- even (implying an extreme example)
References
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na-”
- Azerbaijani terms borrowed from Persian
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Persian
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani prefixes
- Big Nambas terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Big Nambas terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Big Nambas lemmas
- Big Nambas articles
- Chichewa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chichewa lemmas
- Chichewa prefixes
- Curripaco lemmas
- Curripaco prefixes
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech doublets
- Czech lemmas
- Czech prefixes
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch prefixes
- Gunwinggu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gunwinggu lemmas
- Gunwinggu prefixes
- Ilocano lemmas
- Ilocano prefixes
- Ilocano terms with Kur-itan script
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Makasar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Makasar lemmas
- Makasar pronouns
- Mwotlap terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Mwotlap terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Mwotlap lemmas
- Mwotlap articles
- Mwotlap terms prefixed with na-
- Navajo lemmas
- Navajo prefixes
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English prefixes
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish prefixes
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish doublets
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/a
- Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish prefixes
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene prefixes
- Slovene reflexive verbs
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovincian lemmas
- Slovincian prefixes
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swahili contractions
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog dialectal terms
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate pronouns
- Ternate possessive pronouns
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish prefixes
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian pronouns
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prepositions
- Xhosa conjunctions
- Zulu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prepositions
- Zulu terms with usage examples
- Zulu conjunctions