Wiktionary

si-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

Choctaw

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Prefix

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si- (except before a/o sa-, class II first-person singular)

  1. the direct object of an active transitive verb
    me
  2. the subject of a stative intransitive verb
    I
  3. indicates possession of a noun
    my

Usage notes

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Class II person markers are used for possession only for a small set of words, mostly including kinship terms and body parts.

Inflection

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Choctaw Person Markers
class I class II class III class N imperative
+s +C +V +C/i +a/o +C +V +C +V +C +V
first-person singular initial -li sa- si- a̱- am- ak- n/a
medial -sa- -sam-
paucal ī- il- pi- pi̱- pim- kī- kil-
plural hapi- hapi̱- hapim-
second-person singular is- ish- chi- chi̱- chim- chik- ∅
plural has- hash- hachi- hachi̱- hachim- hachik- ho- oh-
third-person ∅ ∅ i̱- im- ik-

Chuukese

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Prefix

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si-

  1. First-person plural inclusive subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.
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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Prefix

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si-

  1. Forms neuter perfective (adjectival) verbs
Derived terms
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Navajo terms prefixed with si- (modal)
ałtaaneesdiz
deesdoi
déesxéél
deezʼá
haashchiiʼ
haashjin
hazʼą́
hodéezyéél
honeezílí
honeezkʼází
hoozkʼaz
naháaztą́
násdǫ́ǫ́z
nástłʼah
sibaal
sidá
sido
sigan
siką́
sikaad
siké
sikʼaz
silá
siłkid
siłtsooz
sinil
sisas
sitą́
sitį́
sitʼé
sitłééʼ
sitsʼil
siyį́
sizį́
sizid
siziid
sizílí
siʼą́
shichʼil
shijaaʼ
shijééʼ
shijool
shitéézh
shizhóód

References

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  • Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987) The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 684.

Etymology 2

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Prefix

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si-

  1. my, me
Usage notes
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This is an alternative form of shi- which comes about in some words as a result of coronal harmony. See, for example, sikʼis, sitsilí. This once firm rule has become optional, and today most Navajo speakers actually prefer to ignore the rules of sibilant (coronal) harmony, especially when there is relatively greater distance between the 1st-person shi- and the alveolar sibilant in the root.

See also
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Navajo possessive pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person shi- nihi- danihi-
2nd person ni- nihi- danihi-
3rd person bi-
4th person (3o) yi-
4th person (3a) ha-, hw-
indefinite person (3i) a-

Etymology 3

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Prefix

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si-

  1. Marks the third person singular/duoplural of si-perfective verbs, although it is typically realized as s- or z-
Conjugation
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With the ∅- classifier:

perfective singular duoplural plural
1st person sé- siid- dasii-
2nd person síní- soo- dasoo-
3rd person z- daaz-
4th person jiz- dajiz-

With the ł- classifier:

perfective singular duoplural plural
1st person sé- siid- dasii-
2nd person síní- soo- dasoo-
3rd person s- daas-
4th person jis- dajis-

With the ∅- classifier and coronal harmony:

perfective singular duoplural plural
1st person shé- shiid- dashii-
2nd person shíní- shoo- dashoo-
3rd person zh- daazh-
4th person jizh- dajizh-

With the ł- classifier and coronal harmony:

perfective singular duoplural plural
1st person shé- shiid- dashii-
2nd person shíní- shoo- dashoo-
3rd person sh- daash-
4th person jish- dajish-

With the l- and d- classifiers:

perfective singular duoplural plural
1st person sis- siid- dasii-
2nd person síní- sooh- dasoo-
3rd person s- daas-
4th person jis- dajis-

With the l- and d- classifiers and coronal harmony:

perfective singular duoplural plural
1st person shish- shiid- dashii-
2nd person shíní- shooh- dashoo-
3rd person sh- daash-
4th person jish- dajish-
Derived terms
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Navajo terms prefixed with si- (perfective)
daastsʼin
deesbá
deesgai
deestso
déesʼeez
deeshchiiʼ
deeshjin
deezlį́
haasbá
haasgai
haastih
haastso
honeezdo
hoozdo
kʼézdon
naasbá
naasgai
naastsooz
naastsxo
naashchiiʼ
naashjin
naaziid
naazką́
naazkaad
naazlá
naaznil
naaztą́
naaztį́
naaztłééʼ
naazyį́
naazʼą́
naazhjaaʼ
naazhjééʼ
naazhjool
naazhtéézh
naazhzhóód
násbá
násgai
nástso
náshchiiʼ
náshjin
náshtłʼizh
názbąs
názlį́
ndeezniiʼ
neezgai
neezkʼaz
yishtłizh

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Phuthi

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. Class 7 noun prefix.

Etymology 4

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Southern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Sundanese

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Etymology

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Compare Old Javanese asi- (“emphatic particle”)

Prefix

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si- (Sundanese script ᮞᮤ-)

  1. verb-forming prefix indicating an action done to oneself (reflexive verb)
    ‎si- + ‎beungeut → ‎sibeungeut (“to wash one's face”)
    ‎si- + ‎banyo → ‎sibanyo (“to wash one's hand”)
    ‎si- + ‎duru → ‎siduru (“to warm oneself near a fire”)
    ‎si- + ‎dakep → ‎sidakep (“to cross one's arm”)

Usage notes

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  • Appears to be no longer productive in contemporary Sundanese, as the words prefixed with si- are now considered their own words. This appears in conjugations like saribanyo or nyibeungeutan.[1]

Derived terms

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Sundanese terms prefixed with si-
sibeungeut
sidakep
sideuha

References

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  1. ^ D. K. Ardiwinata (1984) [1916] Ayatrohaedi, transl., Tata Bahasa Sunda (ILDEP)‎[1] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, translation of Elmoening Basa Soenda pikeun pangadjaran di sakola2, djiiid I, page 95

Further reading

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Etymology 1

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Prefix

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si-

  1. I do not, 1st person singular negative subject concord
    Antonym: ni-
See also
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Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
person independent subject concord object
concord 		combined forms possessive
affirmative negative na ndi- si-
singular first mimi ni- si- -ni- nami, na mimi ndimi, ndiye simi, siye -angu
second wewe u- hu- -ku- nawe, na wewe ndiwe, ndiye siwe, siye -ako
third yeye a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- naye, na yeye ndiye siye -ake
plural first sisi tu- hatu- -tu- nasi, na sisi ndisi, ndio sio -etu
second ninyi m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -wa- nanyi, na ninyi ndinyi, ndio sinyi, sio -enu
third wao wa- hawa- -wa- nao ndio sio -ao
reflexive — — -ji- — —
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Etymology 2

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Prefix

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si-

  1. the negative emphatic copula or negative focusing copula: expresses "it is not" with an inflected object
    Antonym: ndi-
Inflection
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Emphatic copula negative (si-)
singular plural
1st person simi, siye sio
2nd person siwe, siye sinyi, sio
3rd
person 		m-wa(I/II) siye sio
m-mi(III/IV) sio siyo
ji-ma(V/VI) silo siyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) sicho sivyo
n(IX/X) siyo sizo
u(XI) sio see n(X) or ma(VI)
ku(XV/XVII) siko
pa(XVI) sipo
mu(XVIII) simo

For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

See also

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Swazi

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. Class 7 noun prefix.

Etymology 4

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Tabaru

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Prefix

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si-

  1. applicative prefix

Tocharian A

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Verb

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si-

  1. to drain

Tocharian B

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Verb

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si-

  1. to drain

Xhosa

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

Zulu

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *tɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. we; first-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-, via an intermediate form *tɪ́-.

Prefix

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sí-

  1. us; first-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-.

Prefix

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si-

  1. Class 7 simple noun prefix.

Etymology 4

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From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́-.

Prefix

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sí-

  1. he, she, it; class 7 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 7 object concord.

References

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