barn

See also: Bärn

EnglishEdit

 
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A barn (farm building) in Lithuania

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English bern, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).

More at rest and barley.

For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.

NounEdit

 
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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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barn (plural barns)

  1. (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
    • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 11, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
      One day I was out in the barn and he drifted in. I was currying the horse and he set down on the wheelbarrow and begun to ask questions.
  2. (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres.
  3. (informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena.
    Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

VerbEdit

barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned)

  1. (transitive) To lay up in a barn.
    • 1594, Shakespeare, The Rape of Lucrece, line 859:
      But like still-pining Tantalus he sits / And useless barns the harvest of his wits
    • 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times; Good Thoughts in Worse Times; Mixt Contemplations in Better Times, page 165:
      Hypocrites, in like manner, so act holiness that they pass for saints before men, whose censures often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, prodigy”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). Doublet of bairn. Cognate in Frisian: bern (child/children).

NounEdit

barn (plural barns)

  1. (dialect, parts of Northern England) A child.
SynonymsEdit
TranslationsEdit
child — see child

ReferencesEdit

  • barn at OneLook Dictionary Search
  • barn in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

AnagramsEdit

BretonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.

VerbEdit

barn

  1. (transitive) to judge

InflectionEdit

  Mutation of barn  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed
barn varn unchanged parn varn

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of barn
Personal forms
Indicative Conditional Imperative
Present Imperfect Preterite Future Present Imperfect
1s barnan barnen barnis barnin barnfen barnjen -
2s barnez barnes barnjout barni barnfes barnjes barn
3s barn barne barnas barno barnfe barnje barnet
1p barnomp barnemp barnjomp barnimp barnfemp barnjemp barnomp
2p barnit barnec'h barnjoc'h barnot barnfec'h barnjec'h barnit
3p barnont barnent barnjont barnint barnfent barnjent barnent
0 barner barned barnjod barnor barnfed barnjed -
Impersonal forms Mutated forms
Infinitive: barn
Present participle: o varn
Past participle: barnet (auxiliary verb: kaout) 		Soft mutation after a: a varn-
Mixed mutation after e: e varn-
Soft mutation after ne/na: ne/na varn-

Derived termsEdit

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Danish, Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną. Compare English bairn.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /barn/, /b̥ɑːˀn/, [pɑ̈ˀn]

NounEdit

barn n (singular definite barnet, plural indefinite børn)

  1. child (immature human)
    Dette er ikke et passende sted for børn.
    This is not a fitting place for children.
  2. child (human offspring)
    Mine børn er alle flyttet hjemmefra.
    My children have all moved out.

Usage notesEdit

In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of barn
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnet børn børnene
genitive barns barnets børns børnenes

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

FaroeseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn n (genitive singular barns, plural børn)

  1. child

DeclensionEdit

Declension of barn
n5 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnið børn børnini
accusative barn barnið børn børnini
dative barni barninum børnum børnunum
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn m (plural barns)

  1. (physics) barn (unit)

GothicEdit

RomanizationEdit

barn

  1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽

IcelandicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn n (genitive singular barns, nominative plural börn)

  1. child

DeclensionEdit

declension of barn
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnið börn börnin
accusative barn barnið börn börnin
dative barni barninu börnum börnunum
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

Derived termsEdit

ItalianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from English barn.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn m (invariable)

  1. (nuclear physics) barn (unit of surface area)

ReferencesEdit

  • barn in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /barn/, /baːrn/, /bɛrn/

NounEdit

barn (plural barnes or barnen)

  2. A member of one's immediate offspring or progeny.
  3. A child, youth, or baby
  4. A person; a member of humanity
  5. A younger soldier or fighter
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
  • Scots: bairn
    • → English: bairn
  • English: barn (obsolete, dialectal)
ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old English bereærn.

NounEdit

barn

  2. Alternative form of bern (“barn”)

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn, definite plural barna or barnene)

  1. a child

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from barn

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

 
Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). The plural form born is from the Old Norse u-umlauted form bǫrn. This um-laut can also be seen in Icelandic börn and Danish and Faroese børn.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn or born, definite plural barna or borna)

  1. a child

InflectionEdit

Historical inflection of barn
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Aasen1 Barn Barnet Born Borni
1901 barnet (barne)
1917 barnet borna, borni
1938 borna [borni]
1959 barn, born barna [barni]; borna [borni]
2012 (current) barn barnet barn, born barna, borna

Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from barn

Related termsEdit

  • bera (“to bear, carry”, verb)

ReferencesEdit

Old DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

NounEdit

barn n (genitive barns, plural børn)

  1. child

DescendantsEdit

Old NorseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

NounEdit

barn n (genitive barns, plural bǫrn)

  1. child

DeclensionEdit

  Declension of barn (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnit bǫrn bǫrnin
accusative barn barnit bǫrn bǫrnin
dative barni barninu bǫrnum bǫrnunum
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • barn in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English bearn, Old High German barn, Swedish barn.

NounEdit

barn n

  1. child

DeclensionEdit

Declension of barn (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative barn barn
accusative barn barn
genitive barnes barnō
dative barne barnun
instrumental — —


Old SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

NounEdit

barn n

  1. child

DeclensionEdit

Declension of barn (a-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative barn barnit barn barnin
accusative barn barnit barn barnin
dative barni, -e barninu, -eno barnum, -om barnumin, -omen
genitive barns barnsins barna barnanna

DescendantsEdit

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn m inan

  1. barn (unit)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of barn
singular plural
nominative barn barny
genitive barnu barnów
dative barnowi barnom
accusative barn barny
instrumental barnem barnami
locative barnie barnach
vocative barnie barny

Further readingEdit

  • barn in Polish dictionaries at PWN

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognate with Danish barn, Icelandic barn, Old Saxon barn, Old High German barn, Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn n

  1. a child (a young person)
  2. (someone's) child, offspring (a son or daughter)
  3. a descendant (e.g. children of Abraham)
  4. a follower (e.g. God's children)
  5. (someone's) creation, invention
  6. (uncountable) barn; a unit of area in nuclear physics

DeclensionEdit

Declension of barn 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative barn barnet barn barnen
Genitive barns barnets barns barnens

SynonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

WelshEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Celtic *barnati from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

barn f (plural barnau)

  1. opinion, view
  2. judgement, sentence

Derived termsEdit

  • barnu (“to adjudge; to pass sentence”)

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
barn farn marn unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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