pangana

Swahili

Pronunciation

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Verb

-pangana (infinitive kupangana)

1. Reciprocal form of -panga

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pangana
Positive present -napangana Subjunctive -pangane Negative -pangani Imperative singular pangana
Infinitives
Positive kupangana Negative kutopangana
Imperatives
Singular pangana Plural panganeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupangana Positive past positive subject concord + -lipangana Negative past negative subject concord + -kupangana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napangana) Singular Plural 1st person ninapangana/napangana tunapangana 2nd person unapangana mnapangana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapangana wanapangana other classes positive subject concord + -napangana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pangani) Singular Plural 1st person sipangani hatupangani 2nd person hupangani hampangani 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapangani hawapangani other classes negative subject concord + -pangani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapangana Negative future negative subject concord + -tapangana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pangane) Singular Plural 1st person nipangane tupangane 2nd person upangane mpangane 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apangane wapangane other classes positive subject concord + -pangane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipangane Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepangana Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepangana Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipangana Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipangana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apangana) Singular Plural 1st person napangana twapangana 2nd person wapangana mwapangana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apangana wapangana m-mi(III/IV) wapangana yapangana ji-ma(V/VI) lapangana yapangana ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapangana vyapangana n(IX/X) yapangana zapangana u(XI) wapangana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapangana pa(XVI) papangana mu(XVIII) mwapangana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepangana "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapangana "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japangana "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipangana "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopangana Consecutive kapangana / positive subject concord + -kapangana Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapangane Object concord —
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + -pangana- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -panganaye -panganao m-mi(III/IV) -panganao -panganayo ji-ma(V/VI) -panganalo -panganayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -panganacho -panganavyo n(IX/X) -panganayo -panganazo u(XI) -panganao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -panganako pa(XVI) -panganapo mu(XVIII) -panganamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -pangana) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepangana -opangana m-mi(III/IV) -opangana -yopangana ji-ma(V/VI) -lopangana -yopangana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopangana -vyopangana n(IX/X) -yopangana -zopangana u(XI) -opangana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopangana pa(XVI) -popangana mu(XVIII) -mopangana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.