Latvian

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Peldēt (1)

Etymology

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From Proto-Baltic *peld-, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (to pour, to flow; to swim) with an extra -d. The meaning, originally “to flow,” evolved into “to be in a (water) stream” and then “to swim.” Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal peldė́ti, Ancient Greek πλάδος (pládos, moisture), πλαδαρός (pladarós, humid, watery, soft), πλαδάω (pladáō, to be watery, soft).[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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peldēt (intransitive, 3rd conjugation, present peldu, peldi, peld, past peldēju)

  1. (of people, animals) to swim (to move in water by floating and moving one's limbs)
    peldēt uz mugurasto swim backstroke (lit. on (one's) back)
    peldēt kraulāto swim crawl stroke
    peldēt zem ūdensto swim under water
    peldēt pa ezeruto swim in the lake
    peldēt pa straumi, pret straumito swim with, against the current
    peldēt uz upes otru krastuto swim to the other side of the river
    suns labi peldthe dog swims well
    dīķī peld pīles, gulbjiducks, swans swim in the pond
    viņš noskatījās Janča veiklībā, kas gluži kā zivs peldēja gan sāņus, gan guļus, gan augšpēdushe watched Jančs' agility, who swam smoothly as a fish, on his side, lying down, and upside down
    zivtiņa peld, līkumus liekdama,... zibinādama savus sudrabainos sānus, strauji vērsdamasthe little fish swam, turning turns... flashing its silvery sides, quickly turning around
  2. (of objects; of ships, boats, etc.) to float; to sail (to move in water)
    ezerā peld ledus gabalipieces of ice are floating in the lake
    ūdenī peldēja makšķeres pludiņšthe fishing bobber was floating in the water
    pa upi peld liellaivasthe barges are sailing on the river
    blakus laivai peldēja samircis priedes mizas gabalsnear the boat, a broken piece of pine tree bark
    laiva peldēja nevis tur, kur es gribēju, uz augšu, saules sudrabā, bet slīdēja pa straumi lēni lejupthe boat was sailing not where I wanted, upstream, to(ward) the sun's silver; instead, it slid slowly downstream
  3. to float, to hover (to be in a state of equilibrium in a liquid or in a gas)
    pilnīgi iegrimis peldošs ķermenis parasti vienmēr atrodas stabilā līdzsvarāa fully immersed floating body is always in stable equilibrium
    kosmonauts pastāstīja, ka tad, kad iestājies bezsvara stāvoklis, viņš juties ļoti labi... kājas un rokas nekā nesver, priekšmeti peld pa kabīnithe astronaut said that he felt very well when weightlessness started... (his) legs and feet had no weight, objects floated through the cabin
  4. to float (to be completely covered by a liquid)
    zupā peld trekni aitas gaļas gabalifatty pieces of sheep meat are floating in the soup
    pankūkām pilnīgi jāpeld taukos; tas jācep uz mērenas uguns, lai labi izceptos un neapdegtuthe pancakes must completely float in the fat; they must be fried on low heat, so that they are well fried and don't burn
  5. (of clouds, fog, smoke, etc.) to float, to hover (to move slowly in the sky)
    zemu peldēja padebešithe clouds were hovering low
    mākonis peldēja debess augstākā vietā, lēni noapaļodams savas robainās malasthe cloud was floating in the highest place of the sky, slowly smoothing its jagged edge
    iedegās ugunskurs... zilganas dūmu strēles peldēja pāri ievu krūmiemthe fire started burning... bluish smoke floated, hovered over the street bushes
  6. (of birds, flying objects, celestial bodies, etc.) to hover, to fly or move slowly in the sky
    divas vārnas nolaižas lejāk un smagi peld sarkanumā virs meža galiemtwo crows flew down and heavily hover in the redness above the tops of the forest trees
    ugunīgi kvēlā vasaras saule peldēja zilajā debesu bezgalībāthe fiery summer sun was floating in the blue infinity of the sky
    no debesim nesteidzīgā lidojumā peldēja lielas sniega pārslasa big snow flake was floating in a leisurely flight (down) from the sky
  7. (figuratively) to move around, as if swimming
    plašajā druvā gāzelēdamies peldēja divas pļaujmašīnastwo mowers were floating/swimming, wobbling in the wide cornfield
    viņa mierīgi peld pa trotuarā vidu, pie krūtīm piespiedusi silpureņu nastiņushe quietly swam on the sidewalk, pressing her little bunch of pasque flowers to her chest
    beidzot mums kalpone tomēr bija mājā... kundze drūma kā mākonis peldēja pa istabām un paslepus novēroja jaunowe finally had a maid in the house... the gloomy (old) lady hovered around like a cloud over the rooms and secretely satched the new one (= maid)
  8. (of objects) to be, to be located (e.g., in the fog, in smoke, in the darkness, as if floating)
    kad atguva apziņu, viss apkārt ap skolas ēku jau peldēja liesmās un gaiss bija kā svelmewhen he regained consciousness, everything around in the school building was swimming in flames and the air was aglow
    kakti jau grima pilnīgā tumsā, tikai ap galdu vēl peldēja trīsošs staru loksthe corners (of the room) were already immersed in full darkness, only around the table there still floated a trembling circle of light
  9. (colloquial, of sounds) to keep changing volume unexpectedly, due to a defect in the recording equipment
    skaņa peldthe sound is floating, fluctuating (= going up and down)

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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prefixed verbs:
other derived terms:
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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “peldēt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN