Wiktionary

penal

See also: pénal

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old French peinal, from Medieval Latin penalis, from Latin poenalis, from poena (“punishment”), from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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penal (not comparable)

  1. Of or relating to punishment.
    penal servitude
  2. Subject to punishment; punishable.
    a penal offence
  3. Serving as a place of punishment.
    a penal colony
  4. Exorbitant.
    a penal rate of interest.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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From pena +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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penal m or f (masculine and feminine plural penals)

  1. penal, criminal

Derived terms

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Noun

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penal m (plural penals)

  1. (ball games) penalty

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Further reading

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Galician

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palloza (thatched house) in eastern Galicia. Note the penais.

Etymology 1

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14th century. From pena (“stone”) +‎ -al.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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penal m (plural penais)

  1. shorter, lateral wall of a house
    • 1429, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 307:
      huna estrema de boa parede des lo canto mays de baixo do penal da dita casa [...] asta huna crus (+) que asignalamos e fezemos por marqua e deuision enna parede da orta de vos o dito liçençiado e vosos yrmâôs
      [We shall build]] a boundary, made of good wall, from the extreme of the lateral wall of that house [...] till a cross (+) that we have signalled and done as mark and division in the wall of the garden that belongs to you, the aforementioned lawyer, and to your brothers
  2. supporting wall
    Synonym: parede mestra
  3. each one of the slabs which tops a wall to protect it from the rain
  4. eaves
    Synonyms: beirado, beiril, sobrepena, sopena, topete

Etymology 2

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From Late Latin poenalis (“penal”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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penal m or f (plural penais)

  1. penal (of or relating to punishment)

Noun

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penal m (plural penais)

  1. prison
    Synonyms: cadea, cárcere, trenla

References

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  • Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “penal”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
  • Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “penal”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
  • “penal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “penal” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “penal” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Ladin

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Adjective

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penal m (feminine singular penala, masculine plural penai, feminine plural penales)

  1. penal

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
  • Hyphenation: pe‧nal

Etymology 1

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From Latin poenālis.[1][2] By surface analysis, pena (“punishment”) +‎ -al.

Adjective

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penal m or f (plural penais)

  1. penal (related to punishment, often in legal context)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From German Pennal, from Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). Likely reinforced by Ukrainian and Russian пенал (penal). By surface analysis, pena (“feather”) +‎ -al.

Noun

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penal m (plural penais)

  1. (Paraná, Santa Catarina) pencil case
    Synonym: estojo

Etymology 3

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From pênalti.

Noun

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penal m (plural penais)

  1. (Brazil, soccer) penalty
    Synonyms: (Portugal) penálti, (Brazil) pênalti

References

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  1. ^ “penal” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
  2. ^ “penal” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin poenalis or French pénal.

Adjective

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penal m or n (feminine singular penală, masculine plural penali, feminine and neuter plural penale)

  1. penal

Declension

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Declension of penal
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite penal penală penali penale
definite penalul penala penalii penalele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite penal penale penali penale
definite penalului penalei penalilor penalelor

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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penal m or f (masculine and feminine plural penales)

  1. penal

Noun

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penal m (plural penales)

  1. a kind of prison
  2. (soccer) penalty

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish penal, from Late Latin poenālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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penál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜎ᜔)

  1. penal
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References

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  • “penal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

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