Wiktionary

syn

See also: syn., syn-, -syn, sýn, and ␖

English

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (US):(file)

Etymology 1

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From Ancient Greek συν- (sun-, “with, together”), having the same function as co- (“synthesis, synoptic”).

Adjective

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syn (not comparable)

  1. (chemistry) That has a torsion angle between 0° and 90°.
Coordinate terms
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Etymology 2

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Clipping of synonym.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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syn (plural syns)

  1. Abbreviation of synonym.

Etymology 3

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Clipping of synthetic.

Alternative forms

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Adjective

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syn (comparative more syn, superlative most syn)

  1. Abbreviation of synthetic.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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syn

  1. Obsolete form of sy (“his”).

Particle

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syn

  1. Obsolete form of se.
  2. Obsolete form of s'n.

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech syn, from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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syn m anim

  1. son
    Coordinate term: dcera

Declension

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Declension of syn (hard masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative syn synové
genitive syna synů
dative synovi, synu synům
accusative syna syny
vocative synu synové
locative synovi, synu synech
instrumental synem syny

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “syn”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “syn”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “syn”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Anagrams

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Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse sýn, cognate to se.

Noun

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syn

  1. vision, faculty of sight
    Hun har nedsat syn på det højre øje.
    She has reduced vision in the right eye.
  2. a way of perceiving something
    De havde et ganske andet syn på sandsynlighedsfeltsbegrebet.
    They had quite another view of the concept of the probability field.
    Sikke dog et forskruet og forældet menneskesyn!
    What a twisted and antiquated view of humans!

Declension

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Declension of syn
neuter
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative syn synet syn synene
genitive syns synets syns synenes

Derived terms

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Noun

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syn

  1. vision (mystical event)
    Shamanen påstår at have fået et syn.
    The shaman claims to have received a vision.

Declension

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Declension of syn
neuter
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative syn synet syner synerne
genitive syns synets syners synernes

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsin/
  • Rhymes: -in
  • Syllabification: syn

Noun

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syn m pers (diminutive synk or synulk, related adjective sënowsczi)

  1. son (male offspring)
    Coordinate term: córka
  2. son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)

Declension

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Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn sënowie
genitive sëna sënów
dative sënowi sënóm
accusative sëna sënów
instrumental sëna sënama
locative sënie sënach
vocative sënie/syn sënowie
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nouns

Further reading

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  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “sin”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 193
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “syn”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “syn”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1]
  • “syn”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Lower Sorbian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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syn m anim (diminutive synk)

  1. son (male offspring)

Declension

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Declension of syn
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative syn syna syny
Genitive syna synowu synow
Dative synoju synoma synam
Accusative syna synowu syny, synow
Instrumental synom synoma synami
Locative synje synoma synach

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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References

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “syn”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “syn”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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syn

  1. Alternative form of synne

Etymology 2

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Noun

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syn

  1. Alternative form of synnen

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Old Norse sýn.

Noun

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syn n (definite singular synet, indefinite plural syn or syner, definite plural syna or synene, genitive syne)

  1. sight, eyesight, vision (ability to see)
  2. a sight
    et vakkert syn ― a beautiful sight
    komme til syne [old genitive form] ― come into sight
  3. a vision or hallucination
  4. a premonition
  5. a view (opinion)

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse sýn.

Noun

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syn n (definite singular synet, indefinite plural syn, definite plural syna)
syn f (definite singular syna, indefinite plural syner, definite plural synene)

  1. sight, eyesight, vision (ability to see)
  2. a sight
    eit vakkert syn - a beautiful sight
  3. (especially feminine) a vision
  4. (feminine plural only) hallucinations
    Ser eg syner no eller er det berre eit vanleg spøkjelse?
    Do I see hallucinations now or is it just a usual ghost?
  5. a view (opinion)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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syn

  1. imperative of syna

References

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Old Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sy̑nъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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syn m pers

  1. son (male offspring)
  2. son (male member of a group, especially a family community)
  3. (Christianity) Son

Declension

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Declension of syn (u-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative syn syny synové, syni
genitive syna synú synóv
dative synovi, synu synoma synóm
accusative syna syny syny
vocative synu syny synové, syni
locative synu synú syniech
instrumental synem synoma syny
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

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  • Czech: syn

References

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Old English

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Verb

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sȳn

  1. Alternative form of sīen

Old Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sy̑nъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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syn m pers (diminutive synek)

  1. (attested in Greater Poland) son (male offspring)
    • 1967 [1408], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 364, Kościan:
      Jaco Jacub stawal trzi czloweki paney Ketliczskey y gey sinu
      [Jako Jakub stawiał trzy człowieki paniej Kietliczskiej i jej synu]
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎[2], page 765:
      Kupylem rolya od Ananytel, syna stryka mego (ab... filio patrui mei Jer 32, 9)
      [Kupiłem rolą od Anamehel, syna stryka mego (ab... filio patrui mei Jer 32, 9)]
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 52r:
      Filius eyn sune, filiosus filiolus idem szyn
      [Filius eyn sune, filiosus filiolus idem syn]
  2. (Christianity, attested in Lesser Poland) Son
    Synonyms: Syn dziewiczy, Syn Boży, jedyny Syn Boga wszechmogącego, Syn Człowieczy, Syn Nawyszszego
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[3], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 1, 8:
      Slawa oczczu y sinowi (filio), y swøtemu duchu
      [Sława Oćcu i Synowi (filio), i Świętemu Duchu]
  3. (figuratively) son (someone that one views as a son)
    • 1874-1891 [End of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎[4], [5], [6], volume I, page XLIII:
      Kto syą rad w nych (sc. kłamnikach i szpilmanach) cocha, bąndzye myąl zoną gymyenyem wbosstwo, a thą zoną nassladuge syn (filius), gymenem nassmyewanye
      [Kto się rad w nich (sc. kłamnikach i szpilmanach) kocha, będzie miał żonę jimieniem ubostwo, a tę żonę naśladuje syn (filius), jimieniem naśmiewanie]
  4. (attested in Greater Poland) used in some curses
    • 1960 [1396], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 32, Pyzdry:
      Czso Spitek vczinil *Sencowy, to vczinil za yego poczathkem, isz mv layal kurwe maczerze sini
      [Cso Spytek uczynił Bieńkowi, to uczynił za jego początkiem, iż mu łajał kurwie macierze syny]
  5. (biblical, attested in Lesser Poland) son (male member of a community)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[7], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 102, 17:
      Prawda yego nad syny synowymy (in filios filiorum)
      [Prawda jego nad syny synowymi (in filios filiorum)]
  6. (attested in Lesser Poland) son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[8], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 33, 11:
      Przydzicze, sinowe (filii), sluchaycze mne
      [Przydzicie, synowie (filii), słuchajcie mnie]
    • Middle of the 15th century, Kanon mszy św., Canon missae., volume V, Kraków, page 260:
      Opyekacz, zachowacz [raczy]... yednako, pospolicze sluga, szynem s twym, papyeszem (cum famulo tuo papa)
      [Opiekać, zachować [raczy]... jednako z slugą twym [papie]żem (cum famulo tuo papa), pospolicie z synem]
    • 1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI‎[9], Krakow, page 704:
      Nikolay, papyez..., mylym synom... zakonu pokuthuyączego... apostolschkye przezegnanye
      [Nikołaj, papież..., miłym synom... zakonu pokutującego... apostolskie przeżegnanie]

Derived terms

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adjectives
nouns
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adjectives
nouns

Descendants

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References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “syn”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “syn”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “syn”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
  • Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “syn”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Old Slovak

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sy̑nъ.

Noun

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syn m pers

  1. son (male offspring)
  2. son (male member of some community)
  3. son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)

Descendants

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References

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  • Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “syn”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Old Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse sjón, from Proto-Germanic *siuniz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sȳn f

  1. sight, ability to see
  2. appearance

Declension

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Declension of sȳn (i-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sȳn sȳnin sȳni(r), -e(r) sȳnina(r), sȳnena(r)
accusative sȳn sȳnina, -ena sȳni(r), -e(r) sȳnina(r), sȳnena(r)
dative sȳn sȳninni, -inne sȳnum, -om sȳnumin, -omen
genitive sȳna(r) sȳninna(r) sȳna sȳnanna

Descendants

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish syn.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɘn
  • Syllabification: syn

Noun

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syn m pers (diminutive synek, related adjective synowski)

  1. son (male offspring)
    Coordinate term: córka
  2. son (familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person)
  3. (literary) son (member of a community)

Declension

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Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn synowie/syny (deprecative)
genitive syna synów
dative synowi synom
accusative syna synów
instrumental synem synami
locative synu synach
vocative synu synowie

Derived terms

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interjections
nouns

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), syn is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 5 times in scientific texts, 9 times in news, 4 times in essays, 41 times in fiction, and 36 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 95 times, making it the 668th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

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  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “syn”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 572

Further reading

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  • syn in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • syn in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “syn”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “SYN”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 13.05.2021
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “syn”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “syn”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “syn”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 539

Silesian

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Silesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia szl

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish syn.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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syn m pers (diminutive synek, related adjective synowy)

  1. son (male offspring)
    Coordinate term: cera

Declension

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Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn synowie
genitive syna synōw
dative synowi synōm
accusative syna synōw
instrumental synym synami/synōma
locative synu synach
vocative synu synowie
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nouns

Further reading

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  • syn in silling.org

Slovak

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Slovak syn, from Proto-Slavic *synъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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syn m pers (diminutive synček)

  1. son (male offspring)
    Coordinate term: dcéra

Declension

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Declension of syn
singular plural
nominative syn synovia
genitive syna synov
dative synovi synom
accusative syna synov
vocative synu synovia
locative synovi synoch
instrumental synom synmi

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “syn”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Slovincian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɪn/
  • Rhymes: -ɪn
  • Syllabification: syn

Noun

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syn m pers

  1. son (male offspring)

Further reading

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Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv

Etymology

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From Old Swedish sȳn, from Old Norse sýn, sjón, from Proto-Germanic *siuniz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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syn c

  1. sight (ability to see), vision
  2. a sight, a view
  3. a vision, a revelation (of the future)

Declension

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Declension of syn
nominative genitive
singular indefinite syn syns
definite synen synens
plural indefinite syner syners
definite synerna synernas
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Anagrams

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Upper Sorbian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Noun

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syn m pers

  1. son (male offspring)

Declension

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

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  • “syn” in Soblex

Welsh

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Etymology

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Back-formation from synnu (“to surprise”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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syn (feminine singular syn, plural synion, equative syned, comparative synach, superlative synaf, not mutable)

  1. astonished, astounded
  2. dazed, stunned
  3. aghast, frightened
  4. amazing, astonishing
    Synonyms: syndodol, syfrdanol

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “syn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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syn

  1. his (third-person singular masculine possessive determiner)
  2. its (third-person singular neuter possessive determiner)

See also

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West Frisian personal pronouns and possessives
personal possessive
subject case object case determiner pronoun
normal reflexive
singular 1st ik my mysels myn mines
2nd informal do, dû1 dy dysels dyn dines
formal jo jo josels jo jowes
3rd m hy him himsels syn sines
f sy, hja1 har harsels har harres
n it it himsels syn sines
plural 1st wy ús ússels ús uzes
2nd jim(me) jim(me) jimsels, jinsels jim(me) jimmes
3rd sy, hja1 har(ren) harsels har(ren) harres

1 Now mostly archaic and unused.

Further reading

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  • “syn”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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