hy
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
hy
Afrikaans edit
Alternative forms edit
- hij (obsolete)
Etymology edit
From Dutch hij, from Middle Dutch hi, from Old Dutch hie, hē, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
hy (object hom, possessive sy)
- third-person singular subject pronoun
Synonyms edit
- (it): dit
See also edit
subjective | objective | possessive determiner | possessive pronoun | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st | ek | my | myne | ||
2nd | jy | jou | joune | |||
2nd, formal | u | u s’n | ||||
3rd, masc | hy | hom | sy | syne | ||
3rd, fem | sy | haar | hare | |||
3rd, neut | dit | sy | syne | |||
plural | 1st | ons | ons s’n | |||
2nd | julle / jul1 | julle s’n | ||||
3rd | hulle / hul1 | hulle s’n | ||||
1. The forms jul and hul are unstressed variants. They are used mostly in possessive function, but also otherwise, chiefly when the pronoun is repeated within the same sentence. |
Canela edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Northern Jê *ˀcy (“seed”) < Proto-Cerrado *cym (“seed”) < Proto-Jê *cym (“seed”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hy
Cornish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi).
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
hy
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Brythonic *eið, from *esyās f; compare Old Irish a (“his, her, its, their”) and अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”).
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
hy
- (possessive) her, its (with reference to feminine nouns; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant)
- hy has hi
- her seeds
Pronoun edit
hy
- her, it (with reference to feminine nouns; as object of a verbal noun; triggers aspirate mutation of following consonant)
- My vedn hy fe hei.
- I will pay her.
- Ny wonn hy hegi.
- I do not know how to cook it.
Usage notes edit
- Dual marking of possession is possible by adding hi/hei after the noun or verbal noun which hy precedes. Although originally a form of emphasis, in Late Cornish this structure had largely lost its emphatic meaning.
- In Late Cornish, masculine y and feminine hy had become homophonic with the pronunciation /i/.
Noun edit
hy
- Aspirate mutation of ky.
Demotic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
- (intransitive) to fall, to descend, to perish
Descendants edit
References edit
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 270
- Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, pages 266, 267
- Johnson, Janet (2000) Thus Wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammar of Demotic[1], third edition, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, →ISBN, pages 9, 78
- Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago[2], volume H (10.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, page 11
Egyptian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /hiː/
- Conventional anglicization: hy
Interjection edit
|
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
|
m
Inflection edit
Alternative forms edit
References edit
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[3], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482.12-16, 483.1–483.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 157
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronoun edit
hy
- Alternative form of heo (“she”)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
hy
- Alternative form of he (“they”)
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse hý, from Proto-Germanic *hiwją, either from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ḱew- or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-, or a merger of the two. Compare English hue.
Noun edit
hy c (uncountable)
- skin, complexion ((appearance of) skin on the face)
Declension edit
Declension of hy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | hy | hyn | — | — |
Genitive | hys | hyns | — | — |
Derived terms edit
- -hyad (“-skinned”)
See also edit
Welsh edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Welsh hy, from Proto-Brythonic *hɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *segos, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”).[1]
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz, Sanskrit सहस् (sáhas, “force, power, victory”), and Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, I own”).
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /hɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /hiː/
- Rhymes: -ɨː
Adjective edit
hy (feminine singular hy, plural hyfion, equative hyfed, comparative hyfach, superlative hyfaf, not mutable)
Derived terms edit
- hyder (“confidence”)
References edit
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian hī, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
hy
- he (third-person singular masculine pronoun)
Usage notes edit
The accusative him is used roughly like "himself" and "itself" in English. In these cases, it is used after a verb when there is another object in the sentence. For example:
- Dy partij stelt him op it stânpunt fan it federalisme.
- This party puts itself on the standpoint of federalism.
In other reflexive cases, the reflexively marked pronoun himsels is used.
The clitic form er is used before the object of the sentence or after the verb, if there is one. It is never the first word of a sentence.
- Doe't er in swolch naam
- When he took a swallow
Especially in narrative, er is used in the past tense.
Inflection edit
Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further reading edit
- “hy (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011