ik
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
ik
EnglishEdit
- Wiktionary does not have any English dictionary entry for this term. This is most likely because this term does not meet our criteria for inclusion (yet).
- Some information about this term is available in Wiktionary's entry on the Southern dialectal variant of this pronoun, ich, and in Wiktionary's entry on I.
- You can help us collect durably archived uses of this word at Citations:ik.
- If this term meets our criteria for inclusion, please create an entry for it or request that it be created.
AfrikaansEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ik
- (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek.
AlbanianEdit
VerbEdit
ik
Angguruk YaliEdit
NounEdit
ik
ReferencesEdit
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
DanishEdit
AdverbEdit
ik
- Alternative form of ik'
DutchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ik
- I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
InflectionEdit
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989), “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
German Low GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- ick
- (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
- (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ik
- (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
- Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
- I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)
DeclensionEdit
In Störmede:[1]
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
Singular | Nominative | ik | diu | hoi | soi | iät |
(Genitive) | (van meune) | (van deune) | (van seune) | (van iähre) | (van seune) | |
Dative | meu | deu | iähne | iähr | iähne | |
Accusative | soi | iät | ||||
Plural | Nominative | weu | jeu | soi | ||
(Genitive) | (van use) | (van jiue) | (van iähre) | |||
Dative | us | jiu | iähnen | |||
Accusative | soi |
Related termsEdit
- mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
- Sauerländisch: mey, mik
- Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18
GothicEdit
RomanizationEdit
ik
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌺
KaqchikelEdit
NounEdit
ik
LatvianEdit
AdverbEdit
ik
MarshalleseEdit
NounEdit
ik
- Alternative spelling of ek
Middle EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ik
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of I
- circa 1300, Homilies:
- Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
- circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
- Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
- circa 1390, Chaucer:
- But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
- circa 1300, Homilies:
DescendantsEdit
- Scots: ik
Middle Low GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ik
- I (first person singular nominative)
DeclensionEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
DescendantsEdit
North FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ik
Old DutchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *ik.
PronounEdit
ik
DeclensionEdit
1st person | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | ik, ic, ih | wī, wīr |
Accusative | mī, mik, *mic | uns, unsig |
Genitive | mīn | unsa, *unser |
Dative | mī | uns, unsig |
2nd person | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | thu, tu | gī, ir |
Accusative | thī, thik, *thic | iu, |
Genitive | thīn | iuwa, *iuwer |
Dative | thī | iu |
3rd person | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | hē, hie | sia | it |
Accusative | imo | sia | it |
Genitive | sīn, is | iro | is |
Dative | imo | iro | imo |
Plural | |||
Nominative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Accusative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Genitive | iro | ||
Dative | im |
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
PronounEdit
ik
InflectionEdit
DescendantsEdit
Old SaxonEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
PronounEdit
ik
DeclensionEdit
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
DescendantsEdit
Pass Valley YaliEdit
NounEdit
ik
ReferencesEdit
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
PwaameiEdit
NounEdit
ik
ReferencesEdit
- Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52
SalarEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Turkic *īk. Cognate with Azerbaijani iy, Turkish iğ, Turkmen īk.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ik
ReferencesEdit
- Potanin, G.N. (1893), “их”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 427
ScotsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English ik, from Old English ic (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik (“I”, pronoun).
PronounEdit
ik
- (rare) I. Now mostly used to be emphatical.
- Wha did that? Ik!
- Who did that? I did!
- 1375, John Barbour, The Brus:
- For Ik am he, I say the soithly, [...]
- For I am he, I tell you truthfully, […]
SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
TobianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.
NounEdit
ik
- Fish
Alternative formsEdit
VandalicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *ek
PronounEdit
ik
RefsEdit
WastekEdit
NounEdit
ik
ReferencesEdit
West FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ik
- I (first person singular nominative pronoun)
InflectionEdit
Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further readingEdit
- “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
ZealandicEdit
PronounEdit
ik