ik
Translingual Edit
Symbol Edit
ik
English Edit
- Wiktionary does not have any English dictionary entry for this term. This is most likely because this term does not meet our criteria for inclusion (yet).
- Some information about this term is available in Wiktionary's entry on the Southern dialectal variant of this pronoun, ich, and in Wiktionary's entry on I.
- You can help us collect durably archived uses of this word at Citations:ik.
- If this term meets our criteria for inclusion, please create an entry for it or request that it be created.
Afrikaans Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik
- (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek
Albanian Edit
Verb Edit
ik
Angguruk Yali Edit
Noun Edit
ik
References Edit
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Danish Edit
Adverb Edit
ik
- Alternative form of ik'
Dutch Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik
- I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
Inflection Edit
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Derived terms Edit
Descendants Edit
References Edit
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989), “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
German Low German Edit
Alternative forms Edit
- ick
- (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
- (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
Etymology Edit
From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik
- (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
- Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
- I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)
Declension Edit
In Störmede:[1]
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
Singular | Nominative | ik | diu | hoi | soi | iät |
(Genitive) | (van meune) | (van deune) | (van seune) | (van iähre) | (van seune) | |
Dative | meu | deu | iähne | iähr | iähne | |
Accusative | soi | iät | ||||
Plural | Nominative | weu | jeu | soi | ||
(Genitive) | (van use) | (van jiue) | (van iähre) | |||
Dative | us | jiu | iähnen | |||
Accusative | soi |
Related terms Edit
- mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
- Sauerländisch: mey, mik
- Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18
Gothic Edit
Romanization Edit
ik
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌺
Kaqchikel Edit
Noun Edit
ik
Latvian Edit
Adverb Edit
ik
Marshallese Edit
Noun Edit
ik
- Alternative spelling of ek
Middle English Edit
Etymology Edit
From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of I
- circa 1300, Homilies:
- Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
- Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- circa 1390, Chaucer:
- But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- circa 1300, Homilies:
Descendants Edit
- Scots: ik
Middle Low German Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik
- I (first person singular nominative)
Declension Edit
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Descendants Edit
North Frisian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik
Old Dutch Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *ik.
Pronoun Edit
ik
Declension Edit
1st person | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | ik, ic, ih | wī, wīr |
Accusative | mī, mik, *mic | uns, unsig |
Genitive | mīn | unsa, *unser |
Dative | mī | uns, unsig |
2nd person | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | thu, tu | gī, ir |
Accusative | thī, thik, *thic | iu, |
Genitive | thīn | iuwa, *iuwer |
Dative | thī | iu |
3rd person | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | hē, hie | sia | it |
Accusative | imo | sia | it |
Genitive | sīn, is | iro | is |
Dative | imo | iro | imo |
Plural | |||
Nominative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Accusative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
Genitive | iro | ||
Dative | im |
Descendants Edit
Further reading Edit
- “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Frisian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun Edit
ik
Inflection Edit
Descendants Edit
Old Saxon Edit
Alternative forms Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun Edit
ik
Declension Edit
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Descendants Edit
Pass Valley Yali Edit
Noun Edit
ik
References Edit
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Pwaamei Edit
Noun Edit
ik
References Edit
- Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52
Salar Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Turkic *īk. Cognate with Azerbaijani iy, Turkish iğ, Turkmen īk.
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ik
References Edit
- Potanin, G.N. (1893), “их”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 427
Scots Edit
Etymology Edit
From Middle English ik, from Old English ic (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik (“I”, pronoun).
Pronoun Edit
ik
- (rare) I. Now mostly used to be emphatical.
- Wha did that? Ik!
- Who did that? I did!
- 1375, John Barbour, The Brus:
- For Ik am he, I say the soithly, [...]
- For I am he, I tell you truthfully, […]
Synonyms Edit
See also Edit
Tobian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.
Noun Edit
ik
- Fish
Alternative forms Edit
Vandalic Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Germanic *ek
Pronoun Edit
ik
Refs Edit
Wastek Edit
Noun Edit
ik
References Edit
West Frisian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik
- I (first person singular nominative pronoun)
Inflection Edit
Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further reading Edit
- “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Zealandic Edit
Pronoun Edit
ik