him

See also: Him, hím, and H.I.M.

Translingual

Symbol

him

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 language code for Western Pahari languages.

English

Etymology

From Middle English him, from Old English him, from Proto-Germanic *himmai (“to this, to this one”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian him (“him”), West Frisian him (“him”), Sylt North Frisian ham, höm (“him”), Dutch hem (“him”), German Low German hum, hüm, em (“him”), German ihm (“him”, dative).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: hĭm, IPA^(key): /ˈhɪm/, unstressed IPA^(key): /əm/, [ɪ̈m]

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪm
• Homophone: hymn,'em for unstressed in some pronunciations.

Pronoun

him (personal pronoun, objective case)

1. A masculine pronoun; he as a grammatical object.
   1. With dative effect or as an indirect object. [from 9th c.]
      • 1529, John Frith, A piſtle to the Chriſten reader […] ‎^[1]:

        […] therfoꝛ Chꝛiſt wold not call him abominable / But the verye abomination it ſilf.

      • 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:

        ‘I promise,’ he said as I gave him the papers.

   2. Following a preposition. [from 9th c.]
      • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice, volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton […], →OCLC:

        She was in no humour for conversation with anyone but himself; and to him she had hardly courage to speak.

   3. With accusative effect or as a direct object. [from 12th c.]
      • 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

        ‘He's got it buttoned in his breast. I saw him put it there.’

2. (now rare) Used reflexively: (to) himself. [from 9th c.]
   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts ]:

     Apon a daye apoynted, the kynge arayed hym in royall apparell, and set hym in his seate, and made an oracion unto them.

   • 1765, Oliver Goldsmith, The traveller, or, A prospect of society

     Though poor the peasant’s hut, his feasts though small,

     He sees his little lot the lot of all;

     [...]

     But calm, and bred in ignorance and toil,

     Each wish contracting, fits him to the soil.

3. With nominative effect: he, especially as a predicate after be, or following a preposition. [from 15th c.]
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene x]:

     Before my body, I throw my warlike Shield: Lay on Macduffe, And damn'd be him, that first cries hold, enough.

   • 2003, Claire Cozens, The Guardian, 11 Jun 2003:

     Lowe quit the West Wing last year amid rumours that he was unhappy that his co-stars earned more than him.

4. Alternative letter-case form of Him

Descendants

• Jamaican Creole: im
• Pijin: hem
• Pijin: -im

Translations

dative / indirect object

• Arabic: ـهُ‎ (ar) m (-hu), ـهِ‎ (ar) m (-hi), إِيَّاهُ‎ m (ʔiyyāhu)
• Armenian: նրան (hy) (nran), իրեն (hy) (iren)

  Old Armenian: նմա (nma)

• Belarusian: яму́ (jamú)
• Czech: mu (cs), jemu (cs)
• Dutch: hem (nl)
• Esperanto: al (eo), li (eo)
• Finnish: häntä (fi), hänelle (fi), häneen (fi), hänestä (fi), häneksi (fi) (choice of case depends on context)
• French: lui (fr)
• German: ihm (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: (personal pronouns) αὐτῷ (autôi), οἷ (hoî); (medial, proximal, distal demonstratives) τούτῳ (toútōi), τῷδε (tôide), ἐκείνῳ (ekeínōi); (Epic demonstratives) τῷ (tôi), ᾧ (hôi)

• Hindi: उसे m (use)
• Hungarian: neki (hu)
• Italian: gli (it)
• Latin: eī (la), illī, istī (la), huic (la)
• Macedonian: му (mk) (mu), (long form) нему (mk) (nemu)
• North Frisian: ham
• Old English: him (ang)
• Polish: jemu, mu (pl) (mute form)
• Portuguese: lhe (pt)
• Romanian: lui (ro) (stressed form), îi (unstressed form)
• Russian: ему́ (ru) (jemú)
• Sicilian: ci (scn)
• Slovak: mu (sk), jemu (sk)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: jomu

• Spanish: le (es)
• Turkish: ona (tr)
• Ukrainian: йому́ (jomú)
• Walloon: lyi (wa)
• West Frisian: him
• Zazaki: ayrê f, eyrê m

objective after preposition

• Arabic: ـهُ‎ (ar) m (-hu), ـهِ‎ (ar) m (-hi)
• Czech: mu (cs), jemu (cs)
• Dutch: hem (nl)
• Esperanto: li (eo)
• Finnish: häntä (fi), hänelle (fi), häneen (fi), hänestä (fi), häneksi (fi) (choice of case depends on context)
• French: lui (fr)
• Greek:

  Ancient: (after preposition that governs accusative) αὐτόν (autón), ἕ (hé), τοῦτον (toûton), τόνδε (tónde), ἐκεῖνον (ekeînon), τόν (tón), ὅν (hón); (after preposition that governs dative) αὐτῷ (autôi), οἷ (hoî), τούτῳ (toútōi), τῷδε (tôide), ἐκείνῳ (ekeínōi), τῷ (tôi), ᾧ (hôi); (after preposition that governs genitive) αὐτοῦ (autoû), οὗ (hoû), τούτου (toútou), τοῦδε (toûde), ἐκείνου (ekeínou), τοῦ (toû)

• Irish:

  Old Irish: id-, did-, d-

• Italian: lui (it)
• Latin: (after preposition that governs the accusative) eum (la), illum, hunc (la), istum; (after preposition that governs the dative) eī (la), illī, huic (la), istī (la); (after preposition that governs ablative) eō (la), illō, hōc (la), istō
• Macedonian: му (mk) (mu) (short form), нему (mk) (nemu)
• Polish: niego, niemu (only after ku, przeciw, przeciwko and dzięki), nim (pl) (only after locative prepositions)
• Portuguese: ele (pt)
• Slovak: nemu (sk), neho (sk)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: njomu

• Spanish: él (es)
• Walloon: lu (wa)
• West Frisian: him
• Zulu: -ye class 1 (most common), -wo class 3, -lo class 5, -so class 7, -yo class 9, -lo class 11

accusative / direct object

• Arabic: ـهُ‎ (ar) m (-hu), ـهِ‎ (ar) m (-hi), إِيَّاهُ‎ m (ʔiyyāhu)
• Armenian: նրան (hy) (nran), իրեն (hy) (iren)
• Belarusian: яго́ (jahó)
• Belizean Creole: ahn
• Czech: ho (cs), jeho (cs)
• Dutch: hem (nl)
• Esperanto: lin (eo)
• Finnish: hänet (fi), häntä (fi) (choice of case depends on context)
• French: le (fr)
• German: ihn (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: αὐτόν (autón), ἕ (hé), τοῦτον (toûton), τόνδε (tónde), ἐκεῖνον (ekeînon), τόν (tón), ὅν (hón)

• Hebrew: אותו‎ (he) (otó)
• Hungarian: őt (hu)
• Irish: é

  Old Irish: a-, id-, did-, d-, -i, -it

• Italian: lo (it)
• Latin: eum (la), illum, istum, hunc (la)
• Macedonian: го (mk) (go) (short form), него (mk) (nego) (long form)
• Malayalam: അവൻ (ml) (avaṉ)
• North Frisian: ham
• Old English: hine (ang)
• Polish: jego (pl), go (pl) (mute form)
• Portuguese: o (pt)
• Romanian: (pe) el (ro) (stressed form), îl (unstressed form)
• Russian: его́ (ru) (jevó)
• Slovak: ho (sk), jeho (sk)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: jogo

• Spanish: lo (es)
• Telugu: వాణ్ని (vāṇni), అతణ్ని (ataṇni), ఆయన్ని (āyanni)
• Turkish: onu (tr)
• Ukrainian: його́ (uk) (johó)
• Walloon: li (wa) (between 2 consonants), el (wa) (between 2 consonants), l' (wa) (before or after vowel; the 3 placed before verb), lu (wa) (imperative, after verb)
• Wolof: ko
• Zazaki: ayer f, eyer m
• Zulu: yena class 1 (most common), wona class 3, lona class 5, sona class 7, yona class 9, lona class 11

he — see he

himself — see himself

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} atij (sq)
• Danish: ^{(please verify)} ham (da)
• Greenlandic: ^{(please verify)} una
• Guaraní: ^{(please verify)} i
• Hindi: ^{(please verify)} इस (hi) (is), ^{(please verify)} उस (hi) (us)
• Hopi: ^{(please verify)} put
• Ido: ^{(please verify)} il (io), ^{(please verify)} ilu (io)
• Interlingua: (direct/indirect object) ^{(please verify)} le (ia), (after preposition) ^{(please verify)} ille (ia)
• Japanese: ^{(please verify)} 彼 (ja)
• Low German: ^{(please verify)} em (nds)
• Ngarrindjeri: ^{(please verify)} kin
• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} ham (no), ^{(please verify)} han (no)
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} le (es), a ^{(please verify)} el (es)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} honom (sv)
• Tupinambá: ^{(please verify)} i
• Welsh: ^{(please verify)} fe
• West Frisian: ^{(please verify)} him

See also

English personal pronouns

			personal pronoun			possessive pronoun	possessive determiner
			subjective	objective	reflexive
first person	singular		I me (colloquial)	me	myself me mysen	mine	my mine (before vowels, archaic) me
	plural		we	us	ourselves ourself oursen	ours	our
second person	singular	standard, formal	you	you	yourself yoursen	yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)	your
		archaic, informal	thou	thee	thyself theeself thysen	thine	thy thine (before vowels)
	plural	standard	you ye (archaic)	you	yourselves	yours yourn (obsolete outside dialects)	your
		colloquial	you all y'all you guys	you all y'all you guys	–	y'all's you guys's your guys's (proscribed)	y'all's your all's (nonstandard) you guys's your guys's (proscribed)
		informal / dialectal	(see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
third person	singular	masculine	he	him	himself hisself (archaic) hissen	his hisn (obsolete outside dialects)	his
		feminine	she	her	herself hersen	hers hern (obsolete outside dialects)	her
		neuter	it hit	it hit	itself hitself	its his (archaic)	its his (archaic) hits
		genderless	they	them	themself, themselves	theirs	their
		genderless, nonspecific (formal)	one	one	oneself	–	one's
	plural		they	them hem, 'em	themselves theirsen	theirs theirn (obsolete outside dialects)	their

See also

• he
• his
• her
• them

Noun

him (plural hims)

1. (informal) A male person or animal.

   I think this bird is a him, but it may be a her.

   • 1985, Hélène Cixous, Sorties (translated)

     […] daring dizzying passages in other, fleeting and passionate dwellings within the hims and hers whom she inhabits […]

   • 2004, Tom Wolfe, I Am Charlotte Simmons: A Novel

     Both hims took a good look at him.

   • 2004, Charles J. Sullivan, Love and Survival, page 68:

     By this time, she had so many questions, but she only hit him up for one answer about those “hims” and “hers.” She asked, “Do both hims and hers reproduce hummers?”

Synonyms

• he

Anagrams

• HMI

Gayón

Noun

him

1. water

References

• Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

Irish

Noun

him m

1. h-prothesized form of im

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /him/

• Audio

  (file)

Pronoun

him

1. third-person masculine singular, dative: him, to him

   Ech baken him e Kuch.

   I'm baking him a cake.

2. third-person neuter singular, dative: her, to her; (rarely: it, to it)

   Hie war gëschter mat him am Kino.

   He went to the cinema with her yesterday.

Usage notes

• For the use of the neuter for referring to female persons, see hatt.

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English him. Originally a dative form; gradually displaced accusative hine.

Alternative forms

• himm, hym, im, ym, hem, hime, hyme

Pronoun

him (nominative he)

2. Third-person singular masculine pronoun indicating a grammatical object: him.
3. (reflexive) himself.
   • c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39)‎^[2], folio 34, recto, lines 36-37; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 29 May 2019:

     Stille þou be peter. Wel i þe icnowe. / þou wolt fur ſake me þrien . ar þe coc him crowe.

     "Quiet now, Peter. I know you well; / You'll forsake me three times when the cock crows (himself)."

4. Third-person singular neuter pronoun indicating a grammatical object: it.
5. (impersonal) Third-person singular neuter pronoun indicating a grammatical object one, you.

Descendants

• English: him
• Yola: ham, him, em

See also

Middle English personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive	possessive
singular	1st-person		I, ich, ik	me		min mi1	min
	2nd-person		þou	þe		þin þi1	þin
	3rd-person	m	he	him hine2	him	his	his hisen
		f	sche, heo	hire heo	hire		hire hires, hiren
		n	hit		hit him2	his, hit	—
dual3	1st-person		wit	unk		unker
	2nd-person		ȝit	inc		inker
plural	1st-person		we	us, ous		oure	oure oures, ouren
	2nd-person4		ye	yow		your	your youres, youren
	3rd-person	inh.	he	hem he2	hem	here	here heres, heren
		bor.	þei	þem, þeim		þeir	þeir þeires, þeiren

¹Used preconsonantally or before h.
²Early or dialectal.
³Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
⁴Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

References

• “him, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 6 May 2018.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

him

1. Alternative form of hem (“them”)

Mizo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /him/

Adjective

him

1. safe
2. unscathed

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hiːm/

Adverb

him

1. (dialectal) alternative form of heim

Old English

Alternative forms

• hym, heom, eom

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /him/

Pronoun

him

1. dative of hē: him
2. dative of hit: it
3. dative of hīe: them

Descendants

• Middle English: him
  • English: him
  • Yola: ham, him, em
• Middle English: hem
  • English: 'em, hem
  • Yola: aam

Old Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hɪm/

Pronoun

him

1. dative of hī; him

Inflection

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd m	3rd f	3rd n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ik	thū	hī	hiū, hiō	hit	wī	jī	hiā
accusative	mī	thī	hine	hiā	hit	ūs	jū, jō	hiā
dative	mī	thī	him	hire, hiāre	him	ūs	jū, jō	him, hirem, hiārem
genitive	mīn	thīn	sīn	hire, hiāre	sīn	ūser	jūwer	hira, hiāra

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hɪm/

Pronoun

him

1. oblique of hie; him

See also

Saterland Frisian personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd m	3rd f	3rd n	1st	2nd	3rd
stressed	iek	du	hie	ju	dät	wie	jie	jo
unstressed			er	ze	et			ze
objective	mie	die	him	hier	dät	uus	jou	hier

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015), “him”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Sursurunga

Verb

him

1. to work

Further reading

• Sursurunga Organised Phonology Data (2011)

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian him, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hɪm/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /(ə)m/

Pronoun

him

1. object of hy

Yola

Pronoun

him

1. Alternative form of ham
   • 1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3:

     Shoo zent him o' die.

     She sent him one day.

References

• Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 108