這

See also: 这

這 U+9019, 這 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9019 ← 逘 [U+9018] CJK Unified Ideographs 通 → [U+901A]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

這 (radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜卜一口 (YYMR), four-corner 3030₆, composition ⿺辶言)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1258, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38889
• Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3844, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9019

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ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (言) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
唁	*ŋrans
這	*ŋrans
言	*ŋan
琂	*ŋan
圁	*ŋrɯn
誾	*ŋrɯn
訔	*ŋrɯn
狺	*ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrans): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).

The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”).

Etymology 1Edit

trad.		這
simp.		这
variant forms		遮 archaic 者 archaic 只 archaic 拓 archaic 迓 (liá; yá) Hakka 遮 archaic 者 archaic 只 archaic 拓 archaic 迓 (liá; yá) Hakka 邇／迩 (liá; yá) Hakka 即 (chit) Hokkien

First attested in the Tang Dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies:

• From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before.

  者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕia^X, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕia^X, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這 (zhè).

• From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic.

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhè, zhèi (zhe⁴, zhei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˋ, ㄓㄟˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): ze⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): җы (III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ze², ze³, ze⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): die¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ché / liá / yá

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gê³ / ê³

• Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁴ / zei³
• Min Dong (BUC): ciē
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ché / chí / che / chit / chiá

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zê²

• Wu (Wiktionary): tse (T2); tseq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhè
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chê⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeh
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹/
    • 
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄟˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chei⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jey
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹/

Note: zhèi - colloquial contraction of 這一 (zhèyī), used when it is followed by classifier or numeral + classifier.

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ze⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ze
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: җы (III)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ʂɨː⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ze², ze³, ze⁵
    • Yale: jé, je, jéh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dze², dze³, dze⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: zé², zé³, zé⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː³⁵/, /t͡sɛː³³/, /t͡sɛː¹³/

Note: ze3, ze5 - rare.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: die¹
    • IPA ^(key): /tiɛ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ché / liá / yá
    • Hakka Romanization System: ze` / lia` / ia`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ze<sup>3</sup> / lia<sup>3</sup> / ya<sup>3</sup>
    • IPA: /t͡se³¹/, /li̯a³¹/, /i̯a³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ché / yá
    • Hakka Romanization System: ze` / (r)ia`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ze³ / ya³
    • IPA: /t͡se³¹/, /(j)i̯a³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gê³ / ê³
    • IPA: /ke³¹/, /e³¹/

Note:

• ché - literary;
• liá/yá, gê3/ê3 - may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings.

Jin

• (Taiyuan)⁺
  • Wiktionary: zeh⁴ / zei³
  • IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ²/, /t͡sei⁴⁵/

Note: zei3 - determiner (contraction of 這一 (zeh4 ieh4)).

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciē
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sie³³/

Note: literary.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
    • Tâi-lô: tsé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zea
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
    • Tâi-lô: tsí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che
    • Tâi-lô: tse
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zef
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
    • Tâi-lô: tsit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cid
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕit̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiá
    • Tâi-lô: tsiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕia⁵³/

Note:

• ché/chí/che - pronoun (chí usually written as 只), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
• chit - determiner (contraction of 這一), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
• chiá - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zê²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsé
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡se⁵²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: tse (T2); tseq (T4)
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡se̞³⁴/, /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/

DefinitionsEdit

這

1. this; these

   看這本書。 / 看这本书。  ―  Kàn zhè běn shū.  ―  Read this book.

   這是一個老故事。 / 这是一个老故事。  ―  Zhè shì yī ge lǎo gùshì.  ―  This is an old story.

   • 這不是你的書，這是我的書。 [MSC, trad.]
     这不是你的书，这是我的书。 [MSC, simp.]

     Zhè bù shì nǐ de shū, zhè shì wǒ de shū. [Pinyin]

     This is not your book, it's mine.

   • 這個就很好，就買這個吧。 [MSC, trad.]
     这个就很好，就买这个吧。 [MSC, simp.]

     Zhè ge jiù hěn hǎo, jiù mǎi zhè ge ba. [Pinyin]

     This is really good. Buy this one.

2. Synonym of 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng, “like this; such”).

   這可不行！ / 这可不行！  ―  Zhè kě bùxíng!  ―  This is not okay!

3. at this moment; right away; at once

   我這就去。 / 我这就去。  ―  Wǒ zhè jiù qù.  ―  I'll go now.

4. filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied.
5. meaningless particle in a sentence.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		此、斯
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		這
Mandarin	Beijing	這
	Taiwan	這
Cantonese	Guangzhou	呢、依
	Hong Kong	呢、依
	Taishan	該
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	這
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	這
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	這
	Dongshi (Dabu)	這
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	這
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	這
Min Dong	Fuzhou	茲
Min Nan	Xiamen	這
	Quanzhou	只、這
	Zhangzhou	這
	Taipei	這
	Chaozhou	只
	Shantou	只
Wu	Shanghai	搿、迭 old-style、第 obsolete

AntonymsEdit

• 那 (nà, “that, those”)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 這

• 如此這般／如此这般
• 這下／这下 (zhèxià)
• 這下子／这下子
• 這些／这些 (zhèxiē)
• 這些兒／这些儿
• 這些時／这些时
• 這個／这个 (zhège)
• 這個擋口／这个挡口
• 這個當兒／这个当儿
• 這個那個／这个那个
• 這們／这们
• 這兒／这儿 (zhèr)
• 這兩天／这两天
• 這其間／这其间
• 這口氣／这口气
• 這咱／这咱
• 這回／这回
• 這回事／这回事
• 這塊兒／这块儿
• 這壁廂／这壁厢
• 這天／这天

• 這家子／这家子
• 這山望著那山高／这山望着那山高 (zhè shān wàng zhe nà shān gāo)
• 這年／这年
• 這廂／这厢
• 這廝／这厮
• 這忽兒／这忽儿
• 這搭／这搭
• 這搭兒／这搭儿
• 這早晚／这早晚 (zhè zǎowǎn)
• 這早晚兒／这早晚儿 (zhè zǎowǎr)
• 這時候／这时候
• 這會兒／这会儿 (zhèhuìr)
• 這會子／这会子
• 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng)
• 這樣一來／这样一来 (zhèyàngyīlái)
• 這次／这次 (zhècì)
• 這步田地／这步田地
• 這注／这注
• 這溜兒／这溜儿
• 這番／这番
• 這當兒／这当儿

• 這的／这的
• 這的是／这的是
• 這程子／这程子
• 這筆帳／这笔帐
• 這等／这等 (zhèděng)
• 這般／这般 (zhèbān)
• 這般如此／这般如此
• 這般說來／这般说来
• 這般這般／这般这般
• 這號事／这号事
• 這行子／这行子
• 這裡／这里 (zhèlǐ)
• 這輩子／这辈子
• 這邊／这边 (zhèbiān)
• 這陣兒／这阵儿 (zhèzhènr)
• 這頭／这头
• 這麼／这么 (zhème)
• 這麼些／这么些
• 這麼樣／这么样 (zhèmeyàng)
• 這麼著／这么着 (zhèmezhe)
• 這麼點兒／这么点儿

Etymology 2Edit

trad.		這
simp.		这

Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yàn (yan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): gān

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
    • Wade–Giles: yen⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
    • IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin⁶
    • Yale: yihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
    • Tâi-lô: gān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /gan²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiᴇn^H/▼

Rime
Character	這
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	魚變切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋianH/
Li Rong	/ŋjɛnH/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɛnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrans/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	這
Reading #	1/1
No.	14270
Phonetic component	言
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	彥
Old Chinese	/*ŋrans/
Notes	今表近指另爲適（之石切）省文

DefinitionsEdit

這

1. ^† to welcome; to greet; to receive

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

這

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. crawl

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: げん (gen)
• Kan’on: げん (gen)
• Kan’yōon: しゃ (sha)
• Kun: はう (hau, 這う); むかえる (mukaeru, 這える)

CompoundsEdit

• 這 (は)い回 (まわ)る (haimawaru)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

這 • (jeo, eon) (hangeul 저, 언)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

• Hán Việt: giá, gió

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.