Wiktionary

這

See also: 这
這 U+9019, 這
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9019
← 逘
[U+9018] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 通 →
[U+901A]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

這 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜卜一口 (YYMR), four-corner 30306, composition ⿺辶言)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1258, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38889
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3844, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9019

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (言) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唁 *ŋrans
這 *ŋrans
言 *ŋan
琂 *ŋan
圁 *ŋrɯn
誾 *ŋrɯn
訔 *ŋrɯn
狺 *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrans): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).

The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”).

Etymology 1Edit

trad. 這
simp. 这
alternative forms
 
遮 archaic
者 archaic
只 archaic
拓 archaic
迓 (liá; yá) Hakka
遮 archaic
者 archaic
只 archaic
拓 archaic
迓 (liá; yá) Hakka
邇／迩 (liá; yá) Hakka
即 (chit) Hokkien

First attested in the Tang Dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies:

  • From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before.
    者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕiaX, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC t͡ɕiaX, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這／这 (zhè).
  • From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic.

PronunciationEdit

Note: zhèi - colloquial contraction of 這一／这一 (zhèyī), used when it is followed by classifier or numeral + classifier.
Note: ze3, ze5 - rare.
Note:
  • ché, zê3 - literary;
  • liá/yá, gê3/ê3 - may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings.
  • Jin
    • Note: zei3 - determiner (contraction of 這一／这一 (zeh4 ieh4)).
    Note: literary.
    Note:
    • ché/chí/che - pronoun (chí usually written as 只 (zhǐ)), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
    • chit - determiner (contraction of 這一／这一), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
    • chiá - literary.
  • Wu

    • DefinitionsEdit

    這

    1. this; these
      看這本書。／看这本书。  ―  Kàn zhè běn shū.  ―  Read this book.
      這是一個老故事。／这是一个老故事。  ―  Zhè shì yī ge lǎo gùshì.  ―  This is an old story.
    2. Synonym of 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng, “like this; such”).
      這可不行！／这可不行！  ―  Zhè kě bùxíng!  ―  This is not okay!
    3. at this moment; right away; at once
      我這就去。／我这就去。  ―  Wǒ zhè jiù qù.  ―  I'll go now.
    4. here
    5. Used before words for insults to add emphasis.
      你這個傻逼／你这个傻逼  ―  nǐ zhège shǎbī  ―  you fucking idiot
    6. filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied.
    7. meaningless particle in a sentence.
    SynonymsEdit
    Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
    Mandarin Beijing 這
    Taiwan 這
    Tianjin 這
    Chengde 這
    Tangshan 這
    Cangzhou 這
    Baoding 這
    Shijiazhuang 這
    Chifeng 這
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
    Heihe 這
    Qiqihar 這
    Jiamusi 這
    Baicheng 這
    Changchun 這
    Tonghua 這
    Shenyang 這
    Dandong 這
    Jinzhou 這
    Dalian 這
    Yantai 這
    Qingdao 這
    Lijin 這
    Zhucheng 這
    Jinan 這
    Jining 這
    Shangqiu 這
    Yuanyang 這
    Zhengzhou 這
    Lingbao 這
    Xinyang 這
    Baihe 這
    Hanzhong 這
    Xi'an 這
    Baoji 這
    Yinchuan 這
    Tianshui 這
    Lanzhou 這
    Dunhuang 這
    Xining 這
    Hami 這
    Ürümqi 這
    Wuhan 這
    Yichang 這
    Tianmen 這
    Hong'an 這
    Chengdu 這
    Nanchong 這
    Dazhou 這
    Hanyuan 這
    Xichang 這
    Zigong 這
    Chongqing 這
    Guiyang 這
    Zunyi 這
    Bijie 這
    Liping 這
    Zhaotong 這
    Dali 這
    Kunming 這
    Mengzi 這
    Guilin 這
    Liuzhou 這
    Jishou 這
    Changde 這
    Xuzhou 這
    Pizhou 這
    Ganyu 這
    Fuyang 這
    Wuhu 這
    Yangzhou 這
    Baoying 這
    Lianyungang 這
    Donghai 這
    Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
    Lianshui 這
    Xuyi 這
    Nanjing 這
    Hefei 這
    Nantong 這
    Rugao 這
    Yancheng 這
    Funing 這
    Sihong 這
    Taizhou 這
    Zhenjiang 這
    Malaysia 這
    Singapore 這
    Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
    Hong Kong 呢, 依
    Macau 呢
    Taishan 該
    Dongguan 呢
    Yangjiang 果
    Nanning 阿
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
    Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
    Gan Nanchang 箇
    Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
    Anyi 箇
    Lushan 箇
    Duchang 箇
    Wuning (Quankou) 該
    Poyang 箇
    Yugan 該
    Wannian 該
    Yanshan 這
    Yichun 箇
    Yifeng 箇
    Gao'an 箇
    Fengxin 箇
    Shanggao 里
    Wanzai 箇
    Fengcheng 該
    Xinyu 該
    Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
    Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
    Nancheng 箇
    Nanfeng 箇
    Yihuang 箇
    Lichuan 該
    Chongren 該
    Pingxiang 該
    Ji'an 蓋
    Taihe 箇
    Xiajiang 該
    Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
    Guixi 箇
    Jianning 個
    Jinxian 箇
    Jinxi 箇
    Le'an 該
    Guangchang 改
    Suichuan 底
    Wan'an 介
    Jing'an 箇
    Zhangshu 該
    Xingan 個
    Fenyi 改
    Hakka Changting 爾
    Ninghua 只
    Qingliu 這
    Yudu 底
    Ningdu 底
    Ruijin 底
    Shicheng 底
    Xunwu 底
    Huichang 底
    Xingguo 界
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
    Hong Kong 這
    Huizhou Jixi 爾
    Shexian 這
    Wuyuan 伊
    Jin Taiyuan 這
    Yangyuan 這
    Datong 這
    Xinzhou 這
    Lishi 這
    Linfen 這
    Changzhi 這
    Linhe 這
    Jining 這
    Hohhot 這
    Erenhot 這
    Pingshan 這
    Zhangjiakou 這
    Handan 這
    Suide 這
    Min Bei Jian'ou 𱕇
    Min Dong Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
    Changle 這
    Lianjiang 這
    Fuqing 者
    Pingtan 這
    Yongtai 這
    Minqing 這
    Gutian 這
    Pingnan 這
    Luoyuan 這
    Fu'an 這
    Ningde 這
    Xiapu 這
    Zherong 這
    Shouning 這
    Zhouning 這
    Fuding 這
    Singapore (Fuqing) 這
    Min Nan Xiamen 這
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
    Quanzhou 只, 這
    Jinjiang 這
    Nan'an 這
    Shishi 這
    Hui'an 這
    Anxi 這
    Yongchun 這
    Dehua 這
    Zhangzhou 這
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
    Hua'an 這
    Nanjing 這
    Pinghe 這
    Zhangpu 這
    Yunxiao 這
    Zhao'an 只
    Dongshan 這
    Taipei 這
    Kinmen 這
    Penang (Hokkien) 這
    Singapore (Hokkien) 這
    Manila (Hokkien) 這
    Longyan 迄好
    Zhangping 這
    Chaozhou 只
    Shantou 只
    Jieyang 只
    Haifeng 只
    Singapore (Teochew) 只
    Batam (Teochew) 只
    Wenchang 這
    Haikou 這
    Singapore (Hainanese) 這
    Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
    Xianyou 只蜀
    Min Zhong Yong'an 這
    Shaxian 這
    Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
    Jiangle 者
    Mingxi 只
    Shunchang 這
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
    Shehua Cangnan 這
    Jingning 個
    Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
    Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
    Suzhou 該, 搿
    Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
    Wuxi 意
    Changshu 俚
    Jiaxing 葛
    Jiashan 葛
    Pinghu 葛
    Haining (Yanguan) 葛
    Tongxiang 葛
    Haiyan 葛
    Changzhou 資
    Danyang 格
    Gaochun 格
    Huzhou 格
    Changxing 格
    Anji (Ancheng) 格
    Deqing 葛
    Hangzhou 葛
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
    Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
    Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
    Tonglu 葛
    Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
    Shaoxing 咸
    Zhuji 咸
    Shengzhou 咸
    Xinchang 咸
    Ningbo 葛
    Zhenhai 葛
    Yuyao 耶
    Cixi 葛
    Huangyan 葛
    Tiantai 葛
    Sanmen 葛
    Wenling 葛, 格
    Wenzhou 個
    Yueqing 個
    Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
    Rui'an 個
    Pingyang 個
    Taishun 這
    Wencheng 個
    Lishui 已
    Qingtian 已
    Jinyun 已
    Songyang (Xiping) 益
    Yunhe 益
    Qingyuan 這
    Longquan 搭
    Suichang 益
    Jiangshan 益
    Changshan 益
    Kaihua 益
    Longyou 個
    Jinhua 等, 待
    Yiwu 吾
    Yongkang 個
    Pujiang 這, 吉
    Dongyang 個
    Wuyi 愛個
    Lanxi 個
    Shangrao 這
    Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
    Yushan 伊
    Xiang Changsha 咯
    Shuangfeng 咯
    Dialectal synonyms of 這裡 (“here”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 斯, 此
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這裡, 此處 formal, 此 formal
    Mandarin Beijing 這兒, 這兒合兒 colloquial, 這合兒 colloquial
    Taiwan 這, 這裡
    Tianjin 這兒, 這兒合兒
    Jinan 這裡
    Xi'an 這搭兒
    Wuhan 這裡, 這塊, 這塊歇
    Chengdu 這兒
    Guilin 這塏
    Liuzhou 這塏
    Yangzhou 這塊
    Hefei 這塊, 這蒿子
    Malaysia 這裡
    Singapore 這裡
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 這點, 這古
    Cantonese Guangzhou 呢度, 呢處, 依度
    Hong Kong 呢度, 呢處, 依度, 依處
    Macau 呢度
    Taishan 該, 該處, 該埞
    Yangjiang 該, 該處, 該處塗
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢度
    Singapore (Guangfu) 呢度, 依度
    Gan Nanchang 箇𥚃
    Hakka Meixian 這仔
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這位
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這位, 這息
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這位
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這位, 這位項
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這位
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這位, 這
    Hong Kong 這裡, 這埞
    Kuching (Hepo) 這邊
    Jin Taiyuan 這裡, 這兒家
    Min Bei Jian'ou 𱕇裡
    Min Dong Fuzhou 只塊, 只裡, 租塊
    Min Nan Xiamen 遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭
    Quanzhou 遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭
    Jinjiang 這跡, 這位
    Hui'an 這搭
    Zhangzhou 遮, 這帶, 這位, 這位仔
    Taipei 遮
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 遮
    Kaohsiung 遮
    Yilan 遮
    Changhua (Lukang) 遮
    Taichung 遮
    Tainan 遮
    Hsinchu 遮
    Kinmen 遮
    Penghu (Magong) 遮
    Penang (Hokkien) 這落, 這爿
    Singapore (Hokkien) 這兜, 這爿
    Manila (Hokkien) 遮, 這搭, 這位, 這路, 這爿
    Chaozhou 只塊
    Shantou 只塊
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 這爿
    Singapore (Teochew) 只塊
    Wenchang 這裡
    Haikou 這帶
    Qionghai 這裡, 這路
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞啲
    Wu Shanghai 搿搭, 搿搭塊, 搿搭裡, 迭搭 old-style, 迭搭塊 old-style, 迭搭裡 old-style, 此地, 此地塊, 此地塊搭
    Suzhou 該搭, 搿搭
    Wenzhou 該頭, 該柢, 柢, 彀, 彀宕
    Xiang Changsha 咯裡, 咯塊子
    Shuangfeng 咯裡
    AntonymsEdit
    • 那 (nà, “that, those”)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 這

    Etymology 2Edit

    trad. 這
    simp. 这

    Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.

    PronunciationEdit

    Rime
    Character 這
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 仙 (79)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 魚變切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋˠiᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋᵚiɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋianH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋjɛnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jin6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 這
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14270
    Phonetic
    component         		言
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		彥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋrans/
    Notes 今表近指另爲適（之石切）省文

    DefinitionsEdit

    這

    1. † to welcome; to greet; to receive

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    這

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. crawl, creep, grovel
    2. this

    ReadingsEdit

    From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ŋˠiᴇnH, “to receive”):

    From Mandarin 這／这 (zhè, “this”):

    CompoundsEdit

    KoreanEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 這／这 (zhè).

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɘ(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [저(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    HanjaEdit

    這, eumhun 이 저 (i jeo)

    1. Hanja form? of 저 (“this; that”). [affix]
    Usage notesEdit
    • The original meaning is "this". In certain words, it has been conflated with native Korean 저 (jeo, “that”).
    CompoundsEdit
    Compounds

    Etymology 2Edit

    From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ŋˠiᴇnH).

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɘ(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [언(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    HanjaEdit

    這, eumhun 맞을 언 (majeul eon)

    1. Hanja form? of 언 (“to greet”). [only in Chinese]
    Usage notesEdit
    • Used only in the reading of Classical Chinese; no Korean word appears to use this hanja.

    Middle KoreanEdit

    Glyph originEdit

    Simplified from 邊 (“edge”), used as hungaja for similarly pronounced ᄀᆞᆺ〯 (kǒs, “edge”).

    NounEdit

    這 (kàs) (hangeul 갓)

    1. Idu script spelling of 갓 (kàs, “kind, variety”)

    Usage notesEdit

    • Probably only found as reduplicated 這這, Idu spelling of the adverb 갓갓 (kàs-kàs, “of each kind”).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    這: Hán Nôm readings: giá, gió

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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