這
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
這 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜卜一口 (YYMR), four-corner 30306, composition ⿺辶言)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1258, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38889
- Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3844, character 5
- Unihan data for U+9019
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋrans): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).
The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”).
Etymology 1Edit
trad. | 這 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 这 | |
alternative forms |
First attested in the Tang Dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies:
- From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before.
- From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
這
- this; these
- Synonym of 這樣/这样 (zhèyàng, “like this; such”).
- at this moment; right away; at once
- here
- Used before words for insults to add emphasis.
- filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied.
- meaningless particle in a sentence.
SynonymsEdit
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 這 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 這 |
Taiwan | 這 | |
Malaysia | 這 | |
Singapore | 這 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 呢, 依 |
Hong Kong | 呢, 依 | |
Macau | 呢 | |
Taishan | 該 | |
Dongguan | 呢 | |
Yangjiang | 果 | |
Nanning | 阿 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 呢 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 呢, 依 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 這 |
Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) | 這 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) | 這 | |
Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) | 這 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) | 這 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) | 這 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 呢 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 爾 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 只, 者, 嚽 |
Fuqing | 者 | |
Singapore (Fuqing) | 者 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 這 |
Quanzhou | 只, 這 | |
Zhangzhou | 這 | |
Zhao'an | 只 | |
Taipei | 這 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 這 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 這 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 這 | |
Chaozhou | 只 | |
Shantou | 只 | |
Jieyang | 只 | |
Haifeng | 只 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 只 | |
Batam (Teochew) | 只 | |
Wenchang | 這 | |
Haikou | 這 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 這 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 亞 |
Wu | Shanghai | 搿, 迭 old-style, 第 obsolete |
Wenzhou | 個 |
AntonymsEdit
- 那 (nà, “that, those”)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
trad. | 這 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 这 |
Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
這
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
ReadingsEdit
From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ŋˠiᴇnH, “to receive”):
- Go-on: げん (gen)
- Kan-on: げん (gen)
- Kun: むかえる (mukaeru, 這える)←むかへる (mukaferu, historical); はう (hau, 這う)←はふ (fafu, historical)
From Mandarin 這 (zhè, “this”):
CompoundsEdit
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 這/这 (zhè).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɘ(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [저(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
Usage notesEdit
- The original meaning is "this". In certain words, it has been conflated with native Korean 저 (jeo, “that”).
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ŋˠiᴇnH).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɘ(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [언(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
HanjaEdit
Usage notesEdit
- Used only in the reading of Classical Chinese; no Korean word appears to use this hanja.
Middle KoreanEdit
Glyph originEdit
Simplified from 邊 (“edge”), used as hungaja for similarly pronounced ᄀᆞᆺ〯 (kǒs, “edge”).
NounEdit
- Idu script spelling of 갓 (kàs, “kind, variety”)
Usage notesEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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